CHILDS/MIDDLE/GU

Name: CHILDS/MIDDLE/GU lease production and value, Feb 1997 onwards
Creator: Railroad Commission of Texas
License: https://www.rrc.texas.gov/site-policies/

Operated by MAGNUM PRODUCING, LP (P-5 521516) in the MAY (UPPER 7B) field. Every figure below is a volume the Railroad Commission published, multiplied by a monthly price you can check.

Gas lease lease 162080District 04Field 58556648CondensateGasSave Export

Value, all time

$2.9 M

Feb 1997 – May 2026

Value, last 12 filed months

at the published price for each month

Months reported

352

no gaps in the span

Streams

condensate, gas

The MAY (UPPER 7B) field

The Railroad Commission's own record for the field this lease produces from, including the spacing rule that governs how close together its wells may be drilled.

These are facts about the field, not about this lease. The field holds 2 leases and 2 wells, and the rule below applies to all of them.

Discovered

1956-10-09

as the register files it

Field class

Gas

the register's own label

Between wells

1,320 ft

minimum

From a lease line

330 ft

minimum

A drilling unit in this field needs at least 320 acres.

The Commission's schedule remark for this field reads: “TO FILE MOST CURRENT TEST OR TEST FILED ON PREVIOUS SURVEY.”

What this lease produced, and what it was worth

Oil and condensate are valued on the volume the state records as disposed of; gas and casinghead gas on the volume produced. They are different columns of different files, and the difference is not cosmetic.

Stream	Basis	Volume	Value
Condensate	Disposition	1,632 bbl	$114,295
Gas	Production	571,388 Mcf	$2,804,600
Total			$2,918,895

Wells on this lease (1)

Every wellbore the Railroad Commission records against this lease key, with the depth, the last completion and the plug date exactly as filed. A well with no plug date is not stated to be producing — the state files no such flag.

These wells centre on 27.3084, -97.7386. A lease has no coordinate of its own — that point is the mean of its wells, and they span 0.0 miles.

27.30838, -97.73860 · centre of the wells drawn, derived⌘ or Ctrl + scroll to zoom

What these wells add up to

Every figure below is counted over all of this lease's wells, not over the rows listed above. The Railroad Commission files two facts about a well's state — a plug date and a proration-schedule flag — and a well can carry both, so they are published as separate counts and never merged into a status.

On the schedule

0.0%

0 of 1 wells

With a plug date

0.0%

0 of 1 wells

Median depth

9,880 ft

1 wells filed one

Completion to plug

—

no well filed both dates

What the state filed about each well

On the RRC proration schedule

00.0%

A plug date is filed

00.0%

BothOn the schedule and plugged. Neither fact cancels the other.

00.0%

NeitherNo plug date, and not on the schedule.

1100.0%

A plug date is the date the Commission recorded the wellbore as sealed with cement and abandoned. It is the only end-of-life fact Texas files. There is no "active" flag on a well, so this page does not print one — a well with no plug date is not stated to be producing.

How deep they were drilled

The one well that filed a depth was drilled to 9,880 ft.

Completions filed

Apr 1997

1 of 1 wells

1 well


42-27300871	14	9,880 ft	Apr 1997	—	—

The API number is the state's, prefixed 42 for Texas. A well is matched to this lease by the lease key the Commission files on the wellbore record, so a well that has moved between leases appears under each one it was filed against.

Every month this lease reported (352)

Volume × price = value, one row per cycle. The price columns are the same series published on the prices page — nothing here is modelled.

352 months


May 2026	0	0	106.41	3.05	$0
Apr 2026	0	0	98.93	2.87	$0
Mar 2026	0	0	89.75	3.15	$0
Feb 2026	0	0	63.50	3.75	$0
Jan 2026	0	0	59.13	8.00	$0
Dec 2025	0	0	56.66	4.41	$0
Nov 2025	0	0	58.59	3.93	$0
Oct 2025	0	0	59.38	3.30	$0
Sep 2025	0	0	62.74	3.08	$0
Aug 2025	0	0	63.93	3.01	$0
Jul 2025	0	0	66.74	3.32	$0
Jun 2025	0	0	66.48	3.13	$0
May 2025	0	0	60.55	3.23	$0
Apr 2025	0	0	62.36	3.54	$0
Mar 2025	0	0	67.70	4.27	$0
Feb 2025	0	0	70.88	4.34	$0
Jan 2025	0	0	74.32	4.28	$0
Dec 2024	0	0	68.99	3.12	$0
Nov 2024	0	0	69.05	2.20	$0
Oct 2024	0	0	71.37	2.28	$0
Sep 2024	0	0	69.61	2.36	$0
Aug 2024	0	0	75.63	2.06	$0
Jul 2024	0	0	79.93	2.15	$0
Jun 2024	0	0	78.08	2.63	$0
May 2024	0	0	78.81	2.20	$0
Apr 2024	0	371	84.45	1.66	$616
Mar 2024	0	313	80.30	1.55	$484
Feb 2024	0	395	76.09	1.78	$705
Jan 2024	0	384	73.02	3.30	$1,266
Dec 2023	0	312	71.26	2.61	$815
Nov 2023	0	344	77.89	2.81	$966
Oct 2023	0	396	85.44	3.09	$1,223
Sep 2023	0	481	89.04	2.74	$1,316
Aug 2023	0	468	80.52	2.67	$1,251
Jul 2023	0	488	74.85	2.64	$1,289
Jun 2023	0	501	68.96	2.26	$1,132
May 2023	0	512	70.62	2.23	$1,140
Apr 2023	0	406	78.12	2.24	$909
Mar 2023	0	469	72.85	2.39	$1,122
Feb 2023	0	478	75.11	2.47	$1,179
Jan 2023	0	156	76.53	3.39	$528
Dec 2022	0	414	76.41	5.73	$2,372
Nov 2022	0	396	85.00	5.65	$2,236
Oct 2022	0	428	87.18	5.86	$2,510
Sep 2022	0	338	84.88	8.16	$2,759
Aug 2022	0	398	94.52	9.13	$3,633
Jul 2022	0	335	101.58	7.54	$2,527
Jun 2022	0	274	115.09	7.98	$2,186
May 2022	0	470	109.37	8.43	$3,964
Apr 2022	0	392	104.22	6.84	$2,680
Mar 2022	0	424	108.88	5.08	$2,152
Feb 2022	0	318	91.05	4.86	$1,545
Jan 2022	0	295	81.84	4.54	$1,339
Dec 2021	0	259	71.32	3.90	$1,010
Nov 2021	0	342	77.43	5.24	$1,791
Oct 2021	0	261	79.79	5.71	$1,491
Sep 2021	0	181	69.86	5.35	$969
Aug 2021	0	3	66.02	4.22	$13
Jul 2021	0	4	70.78	3.98	$16
Jun 2021	0	0	69.49	3.38	$0
May 2021	0	0	63.48	3.02	$0
Apr 2021	0	104	60.36	2.76	$287
Mar 2021	0	159	61.30	2.72	$432
Feb 2021	0	204	57.80	5.55	$1,132
Jan 2021	0	259	50.41	2.81	$728
Dec 2020	0	0	44.64	2.68	$0
Nov 2020	0	221	38.77	2.71	$598
Oct 2020	0	210	36.97	2.48	$520
Sep 2020	0	222	37.09	1.99	$442
Aug 2020	0	205	39.98	2.39	$489
Jul 2020	0	238	38.37	1.83	$434
Jun 2020	0	190	34.90	1.69	$321
May 2020	0	182	16.92	1.81	$330
Apr 2020	0	214	14.75	1.80	$386
Mar 2020	0	268	30.34	1.86	$497
Feb 2020	0	324	49.88	1.98	$642
Jan 2020	0	313	57.25	2.09	$656
Dec 2019	0	725	59.01	2.30	$1,671
Nov 2019	0	340	55.30	2.75	$935
Oct 2019	0	491	53.47	2.42	$1,188
Sep 2019	0	460	55.05	2.66	$1,222
Aug 2019	0	469	53.11	2.30	$1,081
Jul 2019	31	362	56.27	2.46	$2,635
Jun 2019	0	271	52.78	2.49	$675
May 2019	0	256	58.48	2.74	$702
Apr 2019	0	308	62.63	2.75	$847
Mar 2019	0	355	56.80	3.06	$1,087
Feb 2019	0	242	50.85	2.79	$676
Jan 2019	0	302	46.03	3.23	$975
Dec 2018	16	280	46.59	4.19	$1,917
Nov 2018	0	319	52.93	4.24	$1,352
Oct 2018	0	348	61.44	3.40	$1,183
Sep 2018	0	351	59.54	3.11	$1,091
Aug 2018	0	453	59.40	3.07	$1,389
Jul 2018	0	515	65.14	2.93	$1,510
Jun 2018	0	405	60.18	3.08	$1,246
May 2018	0	461	65.38	2.90	$1,337
Apr 2018	0	296	63.84	2.90	$859
Mar 2018	0	402	61.22	2.79	$1,120
Feb 2018	0	135	61.78	2.77	$373
Jan 2018	0	117	62.87	4.01	$469
Dec 2017	0	177	57.27	2.92	$517
Nov 2017	35	287	55.42	3.12	$2,835
Oct 2017	0	325	49.29	2.98	$970
Sep 2017	0	467	47.52	3.09	$1,442
Aug 2017	0	358	45.37	3.00	$1,076
Jul 2017	0	259	43.87	3.09	$800
Jun 2017	0	550	42.49	3.09	$1,698
May 2017	0	297	45.37	3.26	$969
Apr 2017	0	353	47.93	3.21	$1,134
Mar 2017	0	141	46.77	2.98	$421
Feb 2017	0	120	50.45	2.95	$354
Jan 2017	0	191	49.41	3.42	$653
Dec 2016	0	65	48.76	3.72	$242
Nov 2016	0	96	42.49	2.64	$254
Oct 2016	0	196	46.19	3.09	$606
Sep 2016	0	162	41.55	3.10	$502
Aug 2016	0	320	41.44	2.92	$936
Jul 2016	0	486	41.62	2.92	$1,421
Jun 2016	0	117	45.35	2.69	$314
May 2016	0	123	42.52	1.99	$245
Apr 2016	108	353	36.56	1.99	$4,651
Mar 2016	0	455	33.01	1.79	$816
Feb 2016	0	468	26.47	2.06	$966
Jan 2016	0	419	27.35	2.36	$991
Dec 2015	0	420	32.36	2.00	$841
Nov 2015	0	432	38.79	2.17	$936
Oct 2015	0	448	43.55	2.43	$1,087
Sep 2015	0	524	42.99	2.76	$1,445
Aug 2015	0	453	40.16	2.87	$1,301
Jul 2015	0	479	48.15	2.95	$1,411
Jun 2015	0	515	56.15	2.88	$1,485
May 2015	0	507	55.21	2.96	$1,498
Apr 2015	0	414	49.82	2.71	$1,121
Mar 2015	0	447	42.89	2.93	$1,312
Feb 2015	0	494	44.66	2.98	$1,470
Jan 2015	0	546	43.43	3.10	$1,693
Dec 2014	0	572	54.69	3.59	$2,054
Nov 2014	0	518	70.46	4.25	$2,202
Oct 2014	0	528	78.30	3.90	$2,060
Sep 2014	0	540	86.16	4.05	$2,185
Aug 2014	0	516	89.39	4.04	$2,082
Jul 2014	0	568	96.56	4.18	$2,374
Jun 2014	0	576	98.16	4.74	$2,728
May 2014	0	575	94.73	4.73	$2,718
Apr 2014	0	563	95.94	4.81	$2,708
Mar 2014	0	611	95.89	5.06	$3,090
Feb 2014	0	529	97.40	6.19	$3,276
Jan 2014	0	918	90.40	4.86	$4,462
Dec 2013	0	604	91.82	4.35	$2,630
Nov 2013	0	551	88.85	3.74	$2,060
Oct 2013	0	567	97.42	3.78	$2,143
Sep 2013	0	485	104.11	3.72	$1,803
Aug 2013	0	587	104.25	3.52	$2,068
Jul 2013	0	628	102.52	3.72	$2,335
Jun 2013	0	588	94.40	3.93	$2,313
May 2013	0	527	94.83	4.15	$2,187
Apr 2013	0	515	93.96	4.28	$2,206
Mar 2013	0	519	93.62	3.91	$2,031
Feb 2013	0	481	91.23	3.42	$1,645
Jan 2013	2	526	91.60	3.42	$1,982
Dec 2012	0	509	86.77	3.42	$1,741
Nov 2012	0	583	86.95	3.62	$2,113
Oct 2012	0	649	89.38	3.40	$2,206
Sep 2012	0	681	94.67	2.92	$1,987
Aug 2012	4	611	92.66	2.91	$2,148
Jul 2012	0	497	85.13	3.02	$1,501
Jun 2012	0	369	79.82	2.52	$930
May 2012	0	657	91.61	2.49	$1,635
Apr 2012	0	525	101.65	2.00	$1,048
Mar 2012	7	561	105.05	2.22	$1,982
Feb 2012	4	597	101.10	2.57	$1,939
Jan 2012	11	611	98.09	2.73	$2,750
Dec 2011	11	696	96.87	3.24	$3,320
Nov 2011	200	750	95.72	3.31	$21,627
Oct 2011	0	549	84.98	3.65	$2,003
Sep 2011	0	576	83.62	3.99	$2,296
Aug 2011	120	406	83.40	4.15	$11,693
Jul 2011	0	493	94.14	4.52	$2,227
Jun 2011	0	504	92.90	4.64	$2,339
May 2011	0	644	98.13	4.40	$2,837
Apr 2011	0	806	105.96	4.33	$3,493
Mar 2011	0	925	96.36	4.06	$3,753
Feb 2011	0	778	85.64	4.18	$3,252
Jan 2011	68	957	86.50	4.59	$10,273
Dec 2010	0	2,509	85.73	4.35	$10,909
Nov 2010	0	2,348	80.84	3.80	$8,911
Oct 2010	0	2,619	78.10	3.51	$9,190
Sep 2010	0	2,413	72.63	3.98	$9,602
Aug 2010	93	2,970	73.68	4.42	$19,978
Jul 2010	0	2,788	72.55	4.74	$13,205
Jun 2010	0	3,179	70.36	4.91	$15,610
May 2010	0	3,041	71.12	4.24	$12,879
Apr 2010	66	3,171	81.69	4.12	$18,465
Mar 2010	58	3,121	78.39	4.39	$18,244
Feb 2010	0	2,948	73.58	5.44	$16,044
Jan 2010	102	3,429	74.36	5.96	$28,036
Dec 2009	0	3,190	71.44	5.48	$17,493
Nov 2009	0	2,999	74.59	3.75	$11,251
Oct 2009	0	2,405	72.54	4.11	$9,885
Sep 2009	41	3,296	65.54	3.06	$12,789
Aug 2009	0	891	67.42	3.22	$2,868
Jul 2009	29	1,812	61.13	3.46	$8,050
Jun 2009	0	3,802	66.16	3.90	$14,809
May 2009	0	2,602	54.74	3.93	$10,215
Apr 2009	24	3,733	46.77	3.59	$14,515
Mar 2009	0	5,156	42.14	4.06	$20,928
Feb 2009	55	4,407	32.81	4.63	$22,222
Jan 2009	29	3,144	35.86	5.37	$17,926
Dec 2008	57	4,546	37.10	5.98	$29,287
Nov 2008	31	5,337	55.49	6.86	$38,334
Oct 2008	83	6,624	75.24	6.92	$52,096
Sep 2008	0	6,144	101.76	7.88	$48,397
Aug 2008	0	4,924	114.22	8.48	$41,770
Jul 2008	45	5,726	131.08	11.39	$71,114
Jun 2008	0	5,025	131.33	13.03	$65,489
May 2008	27	2,742	123.17	11.57	$35,062
Apr 2008	0	1,983	110.31	10.45	$20,732
Mar 2008	0	1,568	101.90	9.66	$15,153
Feb 2008	0	1,427	92.53	8.77	$12,516
Jan 2008	0	1,818	90.38	8.21	$14,918
Dec 2007	23	1,789	88.33	7.30	$15,095
Nov 2007	0	1,832	91.67	7.29	$13,358
Oct 2007	0	2,033	82.85	6.92	$14,072
Sep 2007	0	2,027	75.84	6.24	$12,657
Aug 2007	0	1,929	69.06	6.39	$12,322
Jul 2007	0	3,033	70.90	6.39	$19,375
Jun 2007	0	1,323	62.00	7.55	$9,987
May 2007	0	2,154	58.74	7.85	$16,901
Apr 2007	39	1,950	59.61	7.81	$17,545
Mar 2007	0	2,021	56.92	7.30	$14,757
Feb 2007	0	1,379	55.10	8.22	$11,330
Jan 2007	0	2,004	50.30	6.73	$13,481
Dec 2006	0	2,009	56.65	6.92	$13,899
Nov 2006	12	2,006	54.20	7.62	$15,931
Oct 2006	0	1,951	54.90	6.01	$11,733
Sep 2006	0	1,917	60.08	5.04	$9,656
Aug 2006	8	1,882	68.71	7.34	$14,363
Jul 2006	0	2,603	69.37	6.34	$16,510
Jun 2006	9	2,464	66.28	6.38	$16,326
May 2006	0	2,427	66.01	6.42	$15,593
Apr 2006	8	2,368	64.39	7.36	$17,945
Mar 2006	0	2,454	56.70	7.08	$17,381
Feb 2006	8	2,212	57.59	7.75	$17,606
Jan 2006	8	2,603	60.59	8.93	$23,738
Dec 2005	8	2,372	54.94	13.42	$32,261
Nov 2005	8	2,492	54.69	10.59	$26,824
Oct 2005	20	2,762	58.34	13.80	$39,271
Sep 2005	0	2,260	61.45	12.08	$27,299
Aug 2005	0	2,647	61.51	9.80	$25,932
Jul 2005	0	2,593	55.69	7.84	$20,339
Jun 2005	0	3,194	52.33	7.38	$23,575
May 2005	23	3,340	45.22	6.65	$23,255
Apr 2005	0	3,247	49.20	7.36	$23,899
Mar 2005	0	3,710	50.37	7.15	$26,545
Feb 2005	0	3,307	45.22	6.31	$20,874
Jan 2005	28	3,639	43.16	6.32	$24,215
Dec 2004	0	3,529	39.86	6.75	$23,825
Nov 2004	0	3,470	45.28	6.33	$21,967
Oct 2004	0	3,230	49.70	6.52	$21,044
Sep 2004	29	3,155	43.24	5.28	$17,925
Aug 2004	24	3,438	42.37	5.55	$20,100
Jul 2004	16	3,271	38.28	6.08	$20,514
Jun 2004	0	2,113	36.10	6.43	$13,593
May 2004	4	1,538	37.48	6.49	$10,139
Apr 2004	0	3,992	34.47	5.86	$23,387
Mar 2004	0	4,248	34.36	5.53	$23,492
Feb 2004	0	3,901	32.45	5.51	$21,493
Jan 2004	0	4,029	32.03	6.30	$25,381
Dec 2003	0	4,168	30.26	6.30	$26,265
Nov 2003	0	4,336	28.80	4.60	$19,925
Oct 2003	0	3,983	28.17	4.76	$18,958
Sep 2003	0	4,573	26.31	4.75	$21,719
Aug 2003	0	4,451	29.76	5.13	$22,832
Jul 2003	0	5,340	29.41	5.17	$27,612
Jun 2003	0	5,583	28.56	5.98	$33,403
May 2003	0	5,626	26.59	5.97	$33,602
Apr 2003	0	5,530	26.67	5.41	$29,902
Mar 2003	0	5,921	31.14	6.10	$36,095
Feb 2003	0	6,112	33.48	7.93	$48,443
Jan 2003	0	5,226	30.31	5.58	$29,172
Dec 2002	0	6,024	26.91	4.85	$29,239
Nov 2002	0	7,267	24.66	4.14	$30,063
Oct 2002	0	8,681	26.46	4.23	$36,713
Sep 2002	0	6,617	27.44	3.64	$24,054
Aug 2002	0	8,423	25.96	3.16	$26,652
Jul 2002	0	8,650	24.58	3.06	$26,484
Jun 2002	0	7,130	23.73	3.34	$23,802
May 2002	0	10,163	24.66	3.58	$36,424
Apr 2002	0	6,464	23.65	3.51	$22,704
Mar 2002	0	833	22.00	3.10	$2,585
Feb 2002	0	510	18.22	2.38	$1,212
Jan 2002	0	263	17.17	2.38	$625
Dec 2001	0	732	16.93	2.36	$1,731
Nov 2001	0	514	18.07	2.41	$1,236
Oct 2001	0	495	19.78	2.53	$1,252
Sep 2001	0	529	24.26	2.25	$1,191
Aug 2001	0	632	24.87	3.05	$1,930
Jul 2001	0	582	23.93	3.20	$1,861
Jun 2001	0	488	24.56	3.82	$1,866
May 2001	0	694	25.52	4.31	$2,989
Apr 2001	0	482	24.68	5.34	$2,572
Mar 2001	0	622	24.54	5.38	$3,344
Feb 2001	0	718	27.75	5.77	$4,141
Jan 2001	0	914	27.47	8.40	$7,676
Dec 2000	0	0	26.88	9.12	$0
Nov 2000	0	0	32.21	5.66	$0
Oct 2000	0	0	31.23	5.15	$0
Sep 2000	0	0	31.87	5.19	$0
Aug 2000	0	0	29.64	4.54	$0
Jul 2000	0	0	28.53	4.09	$0
Jun 2000	0	0	29.30	4.40	$0
May 2000	0	0	27.26	3.68	$0
Apr 2000	0	0	24.51	3.12	$0
Mar 2000	0	0	28.42	2.86	$0
Feb 2000	0	0	27.62	2.73	$0
Jan 2000	0	0	25.27	2.48	$0
Dec 1999	0	0	24.28	2.42	$0
Nov 1999	0	974	23.19	2.43	$2,371
Oct 1999	0	820	20.98	2.80	$2,299
Sep 1999	0	1,046	21.75	2.62	$2,739
Aug 1999	0	0	19.26	2.88	$0
Jul 1999	0	1,020	17.89	2.37	$2,420
Jun 1999	0	914	15.94	2.36	$2,159
May 1999	0	850	15.79	2.32	$1,973
Apr 1999	0	1,272	15.10	2.21	$2,809
Mar 1999	0	1,490	12.47	1.84	$2,739
Feb 1999	0	1,157	9.98	1.82	$2,103
Jan 1999	0	1,000	10.38	1.90	$1,900
Dec 1998	0	877	9.20	1.77	$1,555
Nov 1998	0	1,250	10.89	2.19	$2,732
Oct 1998	0	384	12.42	1.97	$756
Sep 1998	0	445	12.59	2.08	$927
Aug 1998	0	965	11.30	1.91	$1,841
Jul 1998	0	470	11.74	2.24	$1,052
Jun 1998	0	467	11.24	2.24	$1,045
May 1998	0	1,198	12.62	2.21	$2,643
Apr 1998	0	1,475	13.04	2.51	$3,695
Mar 1998	0	1,611	12.80	2.31	$3,721
Feb 1998	0	2,493	13.95	2.30	$5,732
Jan 1998	0	5,511	14.70	2.15	$11,875
Dec 1997	0	8,257	16.32	2.41	$19,908
Nov 1997	0	8,419	18.19	3.09	$26,000
Oct 1997	0	8,728	19.25	3.15	$27,492
Sep 1997	0	9,110	17.74	2.95	$26,919
Aug 1997	0	10,000	17.86	2.55	$25,547
Jul 1997	0	10,473	17.58	2.25	$23,532
Jun 1997	0	10,519	17.24	2.26	$23,743
May 1997	0	11,813	18.97	2.31	$27,270
Apr 1997	0	12,897	17.88	2.08	$26,862
Mar 1997	0	2,163	18.95	1.94	$4,194
Feb 1997	0	1,388	20.49	2.21	$3,062

How to read this page

The arithmetic is one multiplication per stream per month. Here it is, worked, on a real row from the table above.

Apr 2024 — as filed, then multipliedworked

Condensate             0 bbl  × $ 84.45 =         $0
Gas                  371 Mcf  × $  1.66 =       $616

────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Month total                                     $616

The volumes are the state's, unchanged

Every barrel and every Mcf on this page is a number the Railroad Commission of Texas published in its monthly production query. Nothing is modelled, estimated or filled in.

The dollars are a multiplication, not a valuation

Volume × a published monthly price. It is not what the operator was paid: it takes no account of a contract, a differential, a transportation deduction, or the share any one owner holds.

Oil and gas are priced differently

Oil is a Texas realisation — the crude oil first purchase price. Gas is a benchmark, because no free Texas wellhead gas series exists at any date. The prices page publishes the difference rather than correcting it away.

A lease is not a well

The state reports oil on lease and gas on well, and this page is the lease grain. 04/G/162080 is the state's own key, not one this site invented.