UNIVERSITY CONSOLIDATED XII

Operated by CRESCENT ENERGY OPERATING, LLC (P-5 103575) in the FULLERTON field. Every figure below is a volume the Railroad Commission published, multiplied by a monthly price you can check.

Oil lease lease 23162District 08Field 33230001Hydrogen sulphide fieldOilCasinghead gasSaveExport
Value, all time
$28.5 M
Jan 1993 – May 2026
Value, last 12 filed months
$250 k
at the published price for each month
Months reported
401
no gaps in the span
Streams
2
oil, casinghead gas

The Railroad Commission's own record for the field this lease produces from, including the spacing rule that governs how close together its wells may be drilled.

These are facts about the field, not about this lease. The field holds 165 leases and 2,135 wells, and the rule below applies to all of them.

Discovered
1941-12-23
as the register files it
Field class
Oil
the register's own label
Between wells
0 ft
minimum
From a lease line
330 ft
minimum

A drilling unit in this field needs at least 10 acres. The field rule took effect on 2010-06-09.

The register flags this field for hydrogen sulphide. That is a poisonous gas that occurs naturally in some formations. The flag is a property of the field as the Commission records it. It is not a measurement taken at this lease, and it is not a statement that gas is escaping anywhere.

The Commission's schedule remark for this field reads: BLANCO-FULLERTON D WELLS 13 D, 15D, 16D & 17D. 08/3/21

What this lease produced, and what it was worth

Oil and condensate are valued on the volume the state records as disposed of; gas and casinghead gas on the volume produced. They are different columns of different files, and the difference is not cosmetic.

StreamBasisVolumeValue
OilDisposition466,807 bbl$26,380,888
Casinghead gasProduction677,715 Mcf$2,104,598
Total$28,485,487

82,899 Mcf of this lease's gas, across 48 months, carries no value here. No free Texas wellhead gas price exists before 1997, so those months are left out of the total rather than valued at zero. The total above is therefore a floor, not an estimate.

Wells on this lease (29)

Every wellbore the Railroad Commission records against this lease key, with the depth, the last completion and the plug date exactly as filed. A well with no plug date is not stated to be producing — the state files no such flag.

These wells centre on 32.3242, -102.7471. A lease has no coordinate of its own — that point is the mean of its wells, and they span 1.6 miles.

32.32469, -102.74776 · centre of the wells drawn, derived

What these wells add up to

Every figure below is counted over all of this lease's wells, not over the rows listed above. The Railroad Commission files two facts about a well's state — a plug date and a proration-schedule flag — and a well can carry both, so they are published as separate counts and never merged into a status.

On the schedule
17.2%
5 of 29 wells
With a plug date
13.8%
4 of 29 wells
Median depth
7,310 ft
29 wells filed one
Completion to plug
18.4 years
median over 4 wells

What the state filed about each well

On the RRC proration schedule
517.2%
A plug date is filed
413.8%
BothOn the schedule and plugged. Neither fact cancels the other.
413.8%
NeitherNo plug date, and not on the schedule.
2482.8%

A plug date is the date the Commission recorded the wellbore as sealed with cement and abandoned. It is the only end-of-life fact Texas files. There is no "active" flag on a well, so this page does not print one — a well with no plug date is not stated to be producing.

How deep they were drilled

Total depth in feet, 29 of 29 wells. Median 7,310 ft, with the middle half between 7,062 and 7,327 ft; the shallowest is 6,901 ft and the deepest 9,115 ft. The median is published rather than the mean, because a single mis-keyed depth moves a mean and cannot move a median.

When they were last completed

Last completion by decade, 28 of 29 wells, Jul 1963 – Feb 2024. This is the LAST completion filed on each wellbore, not the first — a well recompleted in 2019 counts once, in the 2010s.

Completions filed
Jul 1963 – Feb 2024
28 of 29 wells; 1 filed none
Plug dates filed
Aug 2008 – Oct 2025
4 of 29 wells; 25 filed none

Last completion to plug: a median of 18.4 years across the 4 wells that filed both dates, with the middle half between 5.5 years and 30.9 years. The gap is the distance between two filed dates. It is not a statement of how long the well produced.

29 wells

42-0031034037,056 ft
42-0034149545027,405 ftFeb 2024
42-00310546157,175 ftAug 2023Sep 2024Yes
42-0034410840057,315 ftMar 2020
42-00310336146,901 ftMay 2014Yes
42-00337909527,150 ftJan 2014
42-0034282046217,355 ftJul 2011
42-0034282246227,310 ftJul 2011
42-0034282146207,327 ftJul 2011
42-0034259545197,311 ftMay 2011
42-0034185746147,318 ftJan 2011
42-0034199546117,300 ftDec 2010
42-0034185546107,310 ftDec 2010
42-0034185346087,315 ftNov 2010
42-0034198545127,314 ftNov 2010
42-0034199345117,300 ftOct 2010
42-0034159745057,748 ftJul 2010
42-0034159146027,358 ftJul 2010
42-0034149445017,995 ftJun 2010
42-0034149146018,002 ftMay 2010
42-0031021827,059 ftSep 2008Aug 2015Yes
42-00337973537,153 ftNov 1996
42-00337232509,115 ftDec 1995Oct 2025Yes
42-0031001357,062 ftMay 1974Aug 2008Yes
42-0031012867,040 ftMay 1974
42-0031033947,056 ftOct 1964
42-0031011017,077 ftNov 1963
42-00310143127,040 ftAug 1963
42-00310214187,040 ftJul 1963

The API number is the state's, prefixed 42 for Texas. A well is matched to this lease by the lease key the Commission files on the wellbore record, so a well that has moved between leases appears under each one it was filed against.

Every month this lease reported (401)

Volume × price = value, one row per cycle. The price columns are the same series published on the prices page — nothing here is modelled.

401 months

May 202600106.413.05$0
Apr 202629729198.932.87$30,217
Mar 202636424289.753.15$33,431
Feb 202628226063.503.75$18,882
Jan 202618921159.138.00$12,863
Dec 202528231456.664.41$17,364
Nov 202539331258.593.93$24,251
Oct 202533032759.383.30$20,676
Sep 202534928462.743.08$22,770
Aug 202534141163.933.01$23,039
Jul 202527839466.743.32$19,860
Jun 202539038666.483.13$27,135
May 202531141060.553.23$20,156
Apr 202531341562.363.54$20,989
Mar 202544347467.704.27$32,014
Feb 202533740370.884.34$25,636
Jan 202535443674.324.28$28,175
Dec 202435445668.993.12$25,846
Nov 202431745369.052.20$22,885
Oct 202440253771.372.28$29,916
Sep 202433645469.612.36$24,462
Aug 202431137975.632.06$24,303
Jul 202442060879.932.15$34,876
Jun 202438565578.082.63$31,786
May 202453763878.812.20$43,724
Apr 202440659284.451.66$35,269
Mar 202440648680.301.55$33,353
Feb 202425050476.091.78$19,921
Jan 202428341573.023.30$22,033
Dec 202341348471.262.61$30,694
Nov 202336856077.892.81$30,236
Oct 202347962685.443.09$42,858
Sep 202349072289.042.74$45,604
Aug 202344065480.522.67$37,177
Jul 202343465874.852.64$34,223
Jun 202346969668.962.26$33,914
May 202347175870.622.23$34,950
Apr 202349577378.122.24$40,399
Mar 202353074972.852.39$40,403
Feb 202338864475.112.47$30,731
Jan 202359476276.533.39$48,040
Dec 202244670176.415.73$38,095
Nov 202245073285.005.65$42,383
Oct 202252471187.185.86$49,851
Sep 202250868084.888.16$48,670
Aug 202252467794.529.13$55,708
Jul 2022459664101.587.54$51,633
Jun 2022476630115.097.98$59,808
May 2022488639109.378.43$58,761
Apr 2022551667104.226.84$61,986
Mar 2022510646108.885.08$58,808
Feb 202241745891.054.86$40,193
Jan 202254163481.844.54$47,152
Dec 20217111,22671.323.90$55,489
Nov 20216531,13877.435.24$56,521
Oct 202163292479.795.71$55,707
Sep 20211,53555769.865.35$110,216
Aug 202184955766.024.22$58,402
Jul 202172979470.783.98$54,760
Jun 20217041,05569.493.38$52,488
May 202186477363.483.02$57,179
Apr 202166182960.362.76$42,185
Mar 20211,2151,46961.302.72$78,471
Feb 20216531,54457.805.55$46,309
Jan 20211,1054,18850.412.81$67,472
Dec 20209162,54844.642.68$47,707
Nov 20208912,65638.772.71$41,733
Oct 20207051,75536.972.48$30,413
Sep 202059382837.091.99$23,643
Aug 202079677439.982.39$33,670
Jul 202056472938.371.83$22,971
Jun 20201,06984034.901.69$38,728
May 202054636016.921.81$9,892
Apr 20201,3101,09414.751.80$21,296
Mar 20201,0671,74830.341.86$35,617
Feb 20206581,42849.881.98$35,649
Jan 20209401,56157.252.09$57,085
Dec 20191,1861,89059.012.30$74,341
Nov 20191,1911,83655.302.75$70,913
Oct 20191,3631,96253.472.42$77,625
Sep 20191,1701,91355.052.66$69,492
Aug 20191,1331,97953.112.30$64,734
Jul 20191,3352,13656.272.46$80,375
Jun 20191,1512,41552.782.49$66,766
May 20191,1972,22358.482.74$76,092
Apr 20191,2702,10962.632.75$85,341
Mar 20191,3732,10956.803.06$84,444
Feb 20191,1871,56750.852.79$64,734
Jan 20191,4541,57946.033.23$72,025
Dec 20181,2461,56246.594.19$64,589
Nov 20181,1121,61352.934.24$65,693
Oct 20181,3451,93661.443.40$89,215
Sep 20181,2852,02459.543.11$82,799
Aug 20181,1102,15159.403.07$72,530
Jul 20181,5282,89065.142.93$108,007
Jun 20181,5142,90460.183.08$100,048
May 20181,8162,77965.382.90$126,791
Apr 20181,2202,94463.842.90$86,425
Mar 20181,4563,30561.222.79$98,347
Feb 20181,7803,16161.782.77$118,712
Jan 20181,6923,48762.874.01$120,357
Dec 20171,7363,75757.272.92$110,397
Nov 20171,8403,61355.423.12$113,239
Oct 20171,6553,64649.292.98$92,453
Sep 20171,6904,02847.523.09$92,744
Aug 20171,5543,95745.373.00$82,393
Jul 20171,7324,14743.873.09$88,786
Jun 20171,7934,10842.493.09$88,867
May 20171,8074,30445.373.26$96,029
Apr 20171,6484,18347.933.21$92,423
Mar 20172,0424,18346.772.98$107,985
Feb 20171,4713,14750.452.95$83,504
Jan 20172,1823,81549.413.42$120,855
Dec 20161,8454,52448.763.72$106,804
Nov 20161,5783,88742.492.64$77,328
Oct 20162,1944,59146.193.09$115,528
Sep 20161,8114,32141.553.10$88,645
Aug 20161,9194,73841.442.92$93,379
Jul 20162,1455,00941.622.92$103,923
Jun 20161,7285,02945.352.69$91,872
May 20161,9265,06442.521.99$91,976
Apr 20161,7104,94436.561.99$72,361
Mar 20161,8765,29333.011.79$71,422
Feb 20161,8914,63026.472.06$59,609
Jan 20162,7744,09027.352.36$85,539
Dec 20151,8903,74132.362.00$68,648
Nov 20152,1123,01638.792.17$88,461
Oct 20152,0623,31543.552.43$97,844
Sep 20152,5723,87542.992.76$121,259
Aug 20152,4543,43940.162.87$108,431
Jul 20152,6963,57548.152.95$140,341
Jun 20152,7824,83956.152.88$170,159
May 20152,8485,79255.212.96$174,356
Apr 20152,4084,64649.822.71$132,541
Mar 20152,3834,53942.892.93$115,528
Feb 20151,9033,63644.662.98$95,809
Jan 20151,8442,22743.433.10$86,990
Dec 20142,3162,17254.693.59$134,462
Nov 20142,3544,03070.464.25$182,998
Oct 20142,7461,90878.303.90$222,455
Sep 20142,1653,38686.164.05$200,234
Aug 20142,0662,92989.394.04$196,499
Jul 20142,5261,27496.564.18$249,235
Jun 20142,0971,78398.164.74$214,287
May 20142,2691,71394.734.73$223,039
Apr 20142,2981,63195.944.81$228,314
Mar 20142,5812,35595.895.06$259,401
Feb 20141,6941,55797.406.19$174,637
Jan 20141,8362,65090.404.86$178,855
Dec 20132,1412,20091.824.35$206,166
Nov 20131,8882,41688.853.74$176,780
Oct 20132,0132,91997.423.78$207,138
Sep 20132,1713,311104.113.72$238,332
Aug 20132,2672,605104.253.52$245,511
Jul 20132,7852,287102.523.72$294,021
Jun 20132,8852,86894.403.93$283,625
May 20132,3962,97994.834.15$239,573
Apr 20132,46487393.964.28$235,256
Mar 20132,3531,23793.623.91$225,128
Feb 20131,2313,08991.233.42$122,868
Jan 20131,3711,44891.603.42$130,536
Dec 20121,1071,28286.773.42$100,439
Nov 20121,08438786.953.62$95,657
Oct 20121,9812,57189.383.40$185,802
Sep 20123,0212,82094.672.92$294,228
Aug 20123,7392,21492.662.91$352,894
Jul 20121,7292,48185.133.02$154,684
Jun 20121,8842,41979.822.52$156,474
May 20122,5871,65591.612.49$241,113
Apr 20122,9412,303101.652.00$303,551
Mar 20122,6841,071105.052.22$284,334
Feb 20122,3122,879101.102.57$241,143
Jan 20123,1033,41698.092.73$313,713
Dec 20112,7543,39296.873.24$277,769
Nov 20112,7283,58095.723.31$272,979
Oct 20112,8943,38584.983.65$258,282
Sep 20112,5602,82283.623.99$225,315
Aug 20112,3671,23283.404.15$202,520
Jul 20112,0931,72794.144.52$204,836
Jun 20112,7653,90292.904.64$274,973
May 20114,3003,99498.134.40$439,552
Apr 20114,4504,960105.964.33$493,015
Mar 20114,0603,04296.364.06$403,564
Feb 20112,8971,90185.644.18$256,045
Jan 20114,3222,47186.504.59$385,192
Dec 20104,4851,66085.734.35$391,716
Nov 20104,0532,32180.843.80$336,453
Oct 20105,1142,86878.103.51$409,467
Sep 20105,2733,04672.633.98$395,099
Aug 20104,7321,26973.684.42$354,262
Jul 20106,5071,16772.554.74$477,610
Jun 20103,83895770.364.91$274,741
May 20107931,07471.124.24$60,947
Apr 201053973381.694.12$47,053
Mar 201072739778.394.39$58,732
Feb 201054431073.585.44$41,715
Jan 201055640174.365.96$43,736
Dec 200948392371.445.48$39,567
Nov 200948687574.593.75$39,533
Oct 200946017572.544.11$34,088
Sep 200948236365.543.06$32,703
Aug 200950640067.423.22$35,402
Jul 200946445161.133.46$29,927
Jun 200942545066.163.90$29,871
May 200949649854.743.93$29,106
Apr 200948748046.773.59$24,499
Mar 200945549442.144.06$21,179
Feb 200929520932.814.63$10,647
Jan 200952639535.865.37$20,984
Dec 200851447937.105.98$21,932
Nov 200832745355.496.86$21,253
Oct 200855755675.246.92$45,757
Sep 2008648330101.767.88$68,540
Aug 2008337358114.228.48$41,529
Jul 2008640449131.0811.39$89,005
Jun 2008474421131.3313.03$67,737
May 2008375488123.1711.57$51,837
Apr 2008513442110.3110.45$61,210
Mar 2008507464101.909.66$56,147
Feb 200835046492.538.77$36,455
Jan 200844948090.388.21$44,519
Dec 200754445788.337.30$51,389
Nov 200741938491.677.29$41,210
Oct 200753042882.856.92$46,873
Sep 200740643975.846.24$33,532
Aug 200745744069.066.39$34,371
Jul 200730436570.906.39$23,885
Jun 200748144962.007.55$33,211
May 200756775858.747.85$39,253
Apr 200736292459.617.81$28,791
Mar 200748997556.927.30$34,953
Feb 200759479755.108.22$39,278
Jan 200745382150.306.73$28,309
Dec 200660478256.656.92$39,627
Nov 200663690854.207.62$41,388
Oct 200654794354.906.01$35,701
Sep 200655586560.085.04$37,702
Aug 20064241,07268.717.34$37,001
Jul 20066281,09169.376.34$50,484
Jun 20065971,07166.286.38$46,406
May 20066431,05666.016.42$49,229
Apr 200650490464.397.36$39,106
Mar 200652335456.707.08$32,161
Feb 200658031157.597.75$35,813
Jan 200647930560.598.93$31,747
Dec 200551137154.9413.42$33,051
Nov 200540434454.6910.59$25,737
Oct 200531528158.3413.80$22,254
Sep 200524522961.4512.08$17,821
Aug 200526329261.519.80$19,038
Jul 200544648355.697.84$28,626
Jun 200572460952.337.38$42,382
May 200550851645.226.65$26,404
Apr 200545735649.207.36$25,105
Mar 200553260050.377.15$31,090
Feb 200551364945.226.31$27,294
Jan 200551687043.166.32$27,771
Dec 200443978339.866.75$22,785
Nov 200442088345.286.33$24,607
Oct 200456885149.706.52$33,774
Sep 200449698543.245.28$26,652
Aug 20045391,22442.375.55$29,631
Jul 20045261,11738.286.08$26,931
Jun 20044421,05336.106.43$22,730
May 20045601,03937.486.49$27,737
Apr 200438199334.475.86$18,951
Mar 20045581,20434.365.53$25,831
Feb 20044921,14132.455.51$22,252
Jan 20045371,02932.036.30$23,682
Dec 20036831,16530.266.30$28,009
Nov 20037401,29228.804.60$27,249
Oct 20036481,34028.174.76$24,632
Sep 20037201,87426.314.75$27,844
Aug 20037501,98129.765.13$32,482
Jul 20036791,49529.415.17$27,700
Jun 20036001,27728.565.98$24,776
May 20036741,38326.595.97$26,182
Apr 20038021,32026.675.41$28,527
Mar 20037761,20031.146.10$31,480
Feb 20038151,24333.487.93$37,138
Jan 20037761,10630.315.58$29,694
Dec 20027701,21126.914.85$26,599
Nov 20027051,36724.664.14$23,041
Oct 20026851,04826.464.23$22,557
Sep 20027221,19727.443.64$24,163
Aug 20028521,54625.963.16$27,010
Jul 20027901,53224.583.06$24,109
Jun 20027301,15723.733.34$21,185
May 200286274524.663.58$23,927
Apr 20028541,21823.653.51$24,475
Mar 20027621,18722.003.10$20,447
Feb 20027841,47218.222.38$17,781
Jan 20029761,18117.172.38$19,564
Dec 200168055216.932.36$12,818
Nov 200179896218.072.41$16,734
Oct 20017691,15719.782.53$18,137
Sep 20018341,23824.262.25$23,020
Aug 20017641,65124.873.05$24,041
Jul 20017031,50823.933.20$21,644
Jun 20017301,24724.563.82$22,698
May 20011,0281,51325.524.31$32,752
Apr 20017891,29424.685.34$26,376
Mar 20019581,32624.545.38$30,638
Feb 20019061,41827.755.77$33,319
Jan 20011,0231,62327.478.40$41,733
Dec 20001,0051,17226.889.12$37,706
Nov 20009461,57832.215.66$39,399
Oct 20008241,71631.235.15$34,563
Sep 20008821,88731.875.19$37,896
Aug 20009201,69029.644.54$34,943
Jul 20007191,11028.534.09$25,053
Jun 20008461,76629.304.40$32,553
May 20001,0792,16227.263.68$37,369
Apr 20001,1722,00224.513.12$34,964
Mar 20001,2051,17528.422.86$37,606
Feb 20001,2821,78827.622.73$40,284
Jan 20001,2501,96925.272.48$36,472
Dec 19991,3401,85924.282.42$37,041
Nov 19999481,93423.192.43$26,691
Oct 19991,0142,13620.982.80$27,262
Sep 19997251,72621.752.62$20,289
Aug 19998761,78219.262.88$21,996
Jul 19991,5022,07017.892.37$31,782
Jun 19991,1251,44815.942.36$21,353
May 19998711,22115.792.32$16,587
Apr 19999551,66015.102.21$18,086
Mar 19991,0431,74812.471.84$16,220
Feb 19999041,5039.981.82$11,754
Jan 19999491,50210.381.90$12,704
Dec 19989961,7069.201.77$12,188
Nov 19981,2552,10210.892.19$18,261
Oct 19981,2672,43612.421.97$20,533
Sep 19981,3791,20812.592.08$19,877
Aug 19981,3352,86811.301.91$20,556
Jul 19981,3073,02111.742.24$22,103
Jun 19981,2913,19711.242.24$21,663
May 19981,0123,34512.622.21$20,152
Apr 19981,0453,15813.042.51$21,539
Mar 19981,2553,37912.802.31$23,868
Feb 19981,3073,11013.952.30$25,383
Jan 19981,5132,91714.702.15$28,527
Dec 19971,3282,93816.322.41$28,757
Nov 19971,3582,74318.193.09$33,173
Oct 19971,5252,57419.253.15$37,464
Sep 19971,6792,72017.742.95$37,823
Aug 19971,3832,53217.862.55$31,169
Jul 19971,5482,81917.582.25$33,548
Jun 19971,3662,46417.242.26$29,112
May 19971,2242,74118.972.31$29,547
Apr 19971,3392,54817.882.08$29,248
Mar 19971,4612,84718.951.94$33,207
Feb 19971,1652,58220.492.21$29,566
Jan 19971,5592,43523.483.54$45,224
Dec 19961,3112,42923.32$30,573
Nov 19961,4902,24621.97$32,735
Oct 19968212,40123.31$19,138
Sep 19967643,16222.22$16,976
Aug 19969102,09120.26$18,437
Jul 199676371119.55$14,917
Jun 19968812,67818.73$16,501
May 19961,2522,74319.43$24,326
Apr 19961,3352,76221.51$28,716
Mar 19961,5932,90919.38$30,872
Feb 19961,2942,48216.98$21,972
Jan 19961,2542,89417.07$21,406
Dec 19957962,89717.19$13,683
Nov 19959223,06216.00$14,752
Oct 19951,0155,46815.43$15,661
Sep 19959205,35916.18$14,886
Aug 19959784,16115.92$15,570
Jul 19951,1351,95315.24$17,297
Jun 19958553,34216.41$14,031
May 19951,0582,09317.56$18,578
Apr 199580853417.73$14,326
Mar 199579251116.44$13,020
Feb 199578063116.58$12,932
Jan 199595584115.92$15,204
Dec 199497283515.03$14,609
Nov 199474487115.90$11,830
Oct 19947911,11415.58$12,324
Sep 199475538615.29$11,544
Aug 199491362916.13$14,727
Jul 19948891,12117.56$15,611
Jun 199497490817.09$16,646
May 19948081,07115.88$12,831
Apr 19947631,04814.14$10,789
Mar 199481697112.46$10,167
Feb 199473779712.50$9,213
Jan 199472898712.66$9,216
Dec 19938351,03812.33$10,296
Nov 19931,02099814.49$14,780
Oct 19931,0421,42915.85$16,516
Sep 19931,0491,41015.03$15,766
Aug 19931,0121,06615.66$15,848
Jul 19937951,10115.46$12,291
Jun 199377876316.79$13,063
May 199369877617.68$12,341
Apr 199379456818.05$14,332
Mar 19938551,09318.14$15,510
Feb 199359385617.90$10,615
Jan 199383270316.93$14,086

How to read this page

The arithmetic is one multiplication per stream per month. Here it is, worked, on a real row from the table above.

Apr 2026 — as filed, then multipliedworked
Oil                  297 bbl  × $ 98.93 =    $29,382
Casinghead gas       291 Mcf  × $  2.87 =       $835

────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Month total                                  $30,217

The volumes are the state's, unchanged

Every barrel and every Mcf on this page is a number the Railroad Commission of Texas published in its monthly production query. Nothing is modelled, estimated or filled in.

The dollars are a multiplication, not a valuation

Volume × a published monthly price. It is not what the operator was paid: it takes no account of a contract, a differential, a transportation deduction, or the share any one owner holds.

Oil and gas are priced differently

Oil is a Texas realisation — the crude oil first purchase price. Gas is a benchmark, because no free Texas wellhead gas series exists at any date. The prices page publishes the difference rather than correcting it away.

A lease is not a well

The state reports oil on lease and gas on well, and this page is the lease grain. 08/O/23162 is the state's own key, not one this site invented.