8102 JV-P GIBSON

Name: 8102 JV-P GIBSON lease production and value, Jan 1993 onwards
Creator: Railroad Commission of Texas
License: https://www.rrc.texas.gov/site-policies/

Operated by PARSLEY ENERGY OPERATIONS, LLC (P-5 642652) in the BLALOCK LAKE, SE (WOLFCAMP) field. Every figure below is a volume the Railroad Commission published, multiplied by a monthly price you can check.

Oil lease lease 27958District 08Field 08740500NGPA filingOilCasinghead gasSave Export

Value, all time

$6.2 M

Jan 1993 – Nov 2019

Value, last 12 filed months

at the published price for each month

Months reported

323

no gaps in the span

Streams

oil, casinghead gas

The BLALOCK LAKE, SE (WOLFCAMP) field

The Railroad Commission's own record for the field this lease produces from, including the spacing rule that governs how close together its wells may be drilled.

These are facts about the field, not about this lease. The field holds 23 leases and 75 wells, and the rule below applies to all of them.

Discovered

1981-07-22

as the register files it

Field class

Oil and gas

the register's own label

Between wells

1,320 ft

minimum

From a lease line

660 ft

minimum

A drilling unit in this field needs at least 80 acres. The field rule took effect on 1991-02-01.

The Commission's schedule remark for this field reads: “#85280300 EFF 12/01/2019”

Severance-tax incentive filings

Applications the operator filed to have this lease's gas taxed at a reduced state rate. A filing is an application, and this page never calls one a reduction that was granted.

Programme	Filings	With an approval date	Dated	Docket
NGPA	6	none	—	—

This says nothing about a royalty. A severance tax is charged to the operator. Whether a reduced rate reaches a royalty owner depends on the wording of the lease instrument, which is a private contract this site does not hold.

What this lease produced, and what it was worth

Oil and condensate are valued on the volume the state records as disposed of; gas and casinghead gas on the volume produced. They are different columns of different files, and the difference is not cosmetic.

Stream	Basis	Volume	Value
Oil	Disposition	175,305 bbl	$5,173,879
Casinghead gas	Production	406,914 Mcf	$1,066,650
Total			$6,240,529

165,473 Mcf of this lease's gas, across 48 months, carries no value here. No free Texas wellhead gas price exists before 1997, so those months are left out of the total rather than valued at zero. The total above is therefore a floor, not an estimate.

Wells on this lease (5)

Every wellbore the Railroad Commission records against this lease key, with the depth, the last completion and the plug date exactly as filed. A well with no plug date is not stated to be producing — the state files no such flag.

These wells centre on 31.8777, -101.6106. A lease has no coordinate of its own — that point is the mean of its wells, and they span 0.6 miles.

31.87801, -101.61116 · centre of the wells drawn, derived⌘ or Ctrl + scroll to zoom

What these wells add up to

Every figure below is counted over all of this lease's wells, not over the rows listed above. The Railroad Commission files two facts about a well's state — a plug date and a proration-schedule flag — and a well can carry both, so they are published as separate counts and never merged into a status.

On the schedule

100.0%

5 of 5 wells

With a plug date

20.0%

1 of 5 wells

Median depth

8,360 ft

5 wells filed one

Completion to plug

20.3 years

median over 1 well

What the state filed about each well

On the RRC proration schedule

5100.0%

A plug date is filed

120.0%

BothOn the schedule and plugged. Neither fact cancels the other.

120.0%

NeitherNo plug date, and not on the schedule.

00.0%

A plug date is the date the Commission recorded the wellbore as sealed with cement and abandoned. It is the only end-of-life fact Texas files. There is no "active" flag on a well, so this page does not print one — a well with no plug date is not stated to be producing.

How deep they were drilled

Between 4,525 and 8,412 ft, median 8,360 ft, over the 5 wells that filed a depth.

Completions filed

Feb 1983 – Jun 2015

5 of 5 wells

Plug dates filed

Jun 2018

1 of 5 wells; 4 filed none

Last completion to plug: a median of 20.3 years across the 1 well that filed both dates, with the middle half between 20.3 years and 20.3 years. The gap is the distance between two filed dates. It is not a statement of how long the well produced.

5 wells


42-17331536	3	8,360 ft	Jun 2015	—	Yes
42-17331431	2	4,525 ft	Feb 2014	—	Yes
42-17331684	6	8,360 ft	Feb 1998	Jun 2018	Yes
42-17331597	4	8,412 ft	May 1984	—	Yes
42-17331377	1	8,360 ft	Feb 1983	—	Yes

The API number is the state's, prefixed 42 for Texas. A well is matched to this lease by the lease key the Commission files on the wellbore record, so a well that has moved between leases appears under each one it was filed against.

Every month this lease reported (323)

Volume × price = value, one row per cycle. The price columns are the same series published on the prices page — nothing here is modelled.

323 months


Nov 2019	0	0	55.30	2.75	$0
Oct 2019	0	0	53.47	2.42	$0
Sep 2019	0	0	55.05	2.66	$0
Aug 2019	0	0	53.11	2.30	$0
Jul 2019	0	0	56.27	2.46	$0
Jun 2019	0	0	52.78	2.49	$0
May 2019	0	0	58.48	2.74	$0
Apr 2019	0	0	62.63	2.75	$0
Mar 2019	0	0	56.80	3.06	$0
Feb 2019	0	0	50.85	2.79	$0
Jan 2019	0	0	46.03	3.23	$0
Dec 2018	0	0	46.59	4.19	$0
Nov 2018	0	0	52.93	4.24	$0
Oct 2018	78	0	61.44	3.40	$4,792
Sep 2018	0	0	59.54	3.11	$0
Aug 2018	0	0	59.40	3.07	$0
Jul 2018	0	0	65.14	2.93	$0
Jun 2018	0	0	60.18	3.08	$0
May 2018	0	0	65.38	2.90	$0
Apr 2018	0	0	63.84	2.90	$0
Mar 2018	0	0	61.22	2.79	$0
Feb 2018	0	0	61.78	2.77	$0
Jan 2018	0	0	62.87	4.01	$0
Dec 2017	0	0	57.27	2.92	$0
Nov 2017	0	0	55.42	3.12	$0
Oct 2017	0	0	49.29	2.98	$0
Sep 2017	0	0	47.52	3.09	$0
Aug 2017	0	0	45.37	3.00	$0
Jul 2017	78	2	43.87	3.09	$3,428
Jun 2017	0	37	42.49	3.09	$114
May 2017	91	69	45.37	3.26	$4,354
Apr 2017	101	61	47.93	3.21	$5,037
Mar 2017	111	54	46.77	2.98	$5,353
Feb 2017	125	60	50.45	2.95	$6,483
Jan 2017	0	89	49.41	3.42	$304
Dec 2016	131	112	48.76	3.72	$6,805
Nov 2016	218	86	42.49	2.64	$9,490
Oct 2016	144	45	46.19	3.09	$6,790
Sep 2016	286	23	41.55	3.10	$11,955
Aug 2016	0	46	41.44	2.92	$135
Jul 2016	0	18	41.62	2.92	$53
Jun 2016	0	22	45.35	2.69	$59
May 2016	0	14	42.52	1.99	$28
Apr 2016	0	20	36.56	1.99	$40
Mar 2016	0	29	33.01	1.79	$52
Feb 2016	0	28	26.47	2.06	$58
Jan 2016	0	57	27.35	2.36	$135
Dec 2015	0	93	32.36	2.00	$186
Nov 2015	28	78	38.79	2.17	$1,255
Oct 2015	0	35	43.55	2.43	$85
Sep 2015	0	53	42.99	2.76	$146
Aug 2015	96	86	40.16	2.87	$4,102
Jul 2015	0	249	48.15	2.95	$733
Jun 2015	0	149	56.15	2.88	$430
May 2015	0	10	55.21	2.96	$30
Apr 2015	0	7	49.82	2.71	$19
Mar 2015	0	269	42.89	2.93	$789
Feb 2015	0	348	44.66	2.98	$1,036
Jan 2015	183	336	43.43	3.10	$8,990
Dec 2014	0	404	54.69	3.59	$1,451
Nov 2014	0	380	70.46	4.25	$1,616
Oct 2014	0	328	78.30	3.90	$1,280
Sep 2014	0	420	86.16	4.05	$1,699
Aug 2014	0	568	89.39	4.04	$2,292
Jul 2014	0	346	96.56	4.18	$1,446
Jun 2014	178	221	98.16	4.74	$18,519
May 2014	0	327	94.73	4.73	$1,546
Apr 2014	173	297	95.94	4.81	$18,026
Mar 2014	168	329	95.89	5.06	$17,773
Feb 2014	176	434	97.40	6.19	$19,830
Jan 2014	187	108	90.40	4.86	$17,430
Dec 2013	187	0	91.82	4.35	$17,170
Nov 2013	187	73	88.85	3.74	$16,888
Oct 2013	185	330	97.42	3.78	$19,270
Sep 2013	184	301	104.11	3.72	$20,275
Aug 2013	179	310	104.25	3.52	$19,753
Jul 2013	182	760	102.52	3.72	$21,484
Jun 2013	185	279	94.40	3.93	$18,561
May 2013	396	260	94.83	4.15	$38,631
Apr 2013	0	265	93.96	4.28	$1,135
Mar 2013	246	159	93.62	3.91	$23,653
Feb 2013	241	277	91.23	3.42	$22,934
Jan 2013	269	327	91.60	3.42	$25,759
Dec 2012	229	285	86.77	3.42	$20,845
Nov 2012	321	284	86.95	3.62	$28,940
Oct 2012	244	279	89.38	3.40	$22,757
Sep 2012	226	0	94.67	2.92	$21,395
Aug 2012	468	367	92.66	2.91	$44,432
Jul 2012	0	330	85.13	3.02	$997
Jun 2012	309	376	79.82	2.52	$25,612
May 2012	376	404	91.61	2.49	$35,451
Apr 2012	0	333	101.65	2.00	$665
Mar 2012	292	391	105.05	2.22	$31,543
Feb 2012	0	439	101.10	2.57	$1,128
Jan 2012	222	251	98.09	2.73	$22,462
Dec 2011	316	260	96.87	3.24	$31,453
Nov 2011	258	305	95.72	3.31	$25,706
Oct 2011	394	303	84.98	3.65	$34,588
Sep 2011	0	184	83.62	3.99	$733
Aug 2011	419	321	83.40	4.15	$36,277
Jul 2011	0	404	94.14	4.52	$1,825
Jun 2011	404	1,044	92.90	4.64	$42,376
May 2011	0	1,148	98.13	4.40	$5,057
Apr 2011	403	1,160	105.96	4.33	$47,728
Mar 2011	435	365	96.36	4.06	$43,398
Feb 2011	0	287	85.64	4.18	$1,200
Jan 2011	0	384	86.50	4.59	$1,762
Dec 2010	248	568	85.73	4.35	$23,731
Nov 2010	286	343	80.84	3.80	$24,422
Oct 2010	459	530	78.10	3.51	$37,708
Sep 2010	0	323	72.63	3.98	$1,285
Aug 2010	242	594	73.68	4.42	$20,456
Jul 2010	256	508	72.55	4.74	$20,979
Jun 2010	268	455	70.36	4.91	$21,091
May 2010	282	358	71.12	4.24	$21,572
Apr 2010	294	372	81.69	4.12	$25,551
Mar 2010	345	414	78.39	4.39	$28,861
Feb 2010	457	381	73.58	5.44	$35,700
Jan 2010	0	331	74.36	5.96	$1,974
Dec 2009	0	215	71.44	5.48	$1,179
Nov 2009	428	334	74.59	3.75	$33,178
Oct 2009	251	461	72.54	4.11	$20,102
Sep 2009	297	496	65.54	3.06	$20,986
Aug 2009	417	461	67.42	3.22	$29,598
Jul 2009	465	495	61.13	3.46	$30,140
Jun 2009	0	176	66.16	3.90	$686
May 2009	0	214	54.74	3.93	$840
Apr 2009	433	265	46.77	3.59	$21,202
Mar 2009	0	294	42.14	4.06	$1,193
Feb 2009	0	349	32.81	4.63	$1,617
Jan 2009	437	363	35.86	5.37	$17,620
Dec 2008	0	366	37.10	5.98	$2,188
Nov 2008	385	304	55.49	6.86	$23,449
Oct 2008	0	337	75.24	6.92	$2,333
Sep 2008	304	292	101.76	7.88	$33,235
Aug 2008	344	479	114.22	8.48	$43,355
Jul 2008	306	469	131.08	11.39	$45,452
Jun 2008	247	480	131.33	13.03	$38,694
May 2008	309	508	123.17	11.57	$43,939
Apr 2008	294	553	110.31	10.45	$38,213
Mar 2008	282	389	101.90	9.66	$32,495
Feb 2008	286	438	92.53	8.77	$30,305
Jan 2008	317	501	90.38	8.21	$32,762
Dec 2007	356	553	88.33	7.30	$35,483
Nov 2007	276	484	91.67	7.29	$28,830
Oct 2007	308	552	82.85	6.92	$29,339
Sep 2007	292	530	75.84	6.24	$25,455
Aug 2007	477	555	69.06	6.39	$36,487
Jul 2007	0	625	70.90	6.39	$3,992
Jun 2007	282	562	62.00	7.55	$21,726
May 2007	299	604	58.74	7.85	$22,302
Apr 2007	261	500	59.61	7.81	$19,461
Mar 2007	274	541	56.92	7.30	$19,546
Feb 2007	234	660	55.10	8.22	$18,316
Jan 2007	269	660	50.30	6.73	$17,970
Dec 2006	282	670	56.65	6.92	$20,611
Nov 2006	286	722	54.20	7.62	$21,001
Oct 2006	284	703	54.90	6.01	$19,819
Sep 2006	278	767	60.08	5.04	$20,566
Aug 2006	300	797	68.71	7.34	$26,463
Jul 2006	316	846	69.37	6.34	$27,287
Jun 2006	294	970	66.28	6.38	$25,679
May 2006	348	948	66.01	6.42	$29,062
Apr 2006	291	779	64.39	7.36	$24,471
Mar 2006	324	836	56.70	7.08	$24,292
Feb 2006	482	728	57.59	7.75	$33,401
Jan 2006	0	757	60.59	8.93	$6,763
Dec 2005	311	894	54.94	13.42	$29,080
Nov 2005	376	862	54.69	10.59	$29,691
Oct 2005	463	897	58.34	13.80	$39,386
Sep 2005	0	781	61.45	12.08	$9,434
Aug 2005	320	1,114	61.51	9.80	$30,597
Jul 2005	0	1,175	55.69	7.84	$9,216
Jun 2005	0	1,150	52.33	7.38	$8,488
May 2005	280	1,132	45.22	6.65	$20,191
Apr 2005	290	751	49.20	7.36	$19,796
Mar 2005	429	742	50.37	7.15	$26,918
Feb 2005	293	695	45.22	6.31	$17,636
Jan 2005	283	816	43.16	6.32	$17,373
Dec 2004	438	1,267	39.86	6.75	$26,012
Nov 2004	481	1,716	45.28	6.33	$32,643
Oct 2004	465	1,886	49.70	6.52	$35,398
Sep 2004	467	1,630	43.24	5.28	$28,806
Aug 2004	466	1,278	42.37	5.55	$26,838
Jul 2004	466	1,025	38.28	6.08	$24,075
Jun 2004	643	910	36.10	6.43	$29,066
May 2004	474	1,440	37.48	6.49	$27,118
Apr 2004	818	1,527	34.47	5.86	$37,142
Mar 2004	467	1,723	34.36	5.53	$25,575
Feb 2004	820	1,477	32.45	5.51	$34,747
Jan 2004	827	1,639	32.03	6.30	$36,814
Dec 2003	946	1,701	30.26	6.30	$39,345
Nov 2003	467	1,560	28.80	4.60	$20,618
Oct 2003	892	1,757	28.17	4.76	$33,490
Sep 2003	825	1,734	26.31	4.75	$29,941
Aug 2003	668	1,771	29.76	5.13	$28,964
Jul 2003	743	1,797	29.41	5.17	$31,144
Jun 2003	797	1,778	28.56	5.98	$33,400
May 2003	939	2,034	26.59	5.97	$37,116
Apr 2003	938	1,845	26.67	5.41	$34,993
Mar 2003	928	2,052	31.14	6.10	$41,407
Feb 2003	947	2,500	33.48	7.93	$51,520
Jan 2003	961	2,121	30.31	5.58	$40,967
Dec 2002	1,452	2,059	26.91	4.85	$49,067
Nov 2002	914	1,793	24.66	4.14	$29,957
Oct 2002	930	2,270	26.46	4.23	$34,208
Sep 2002	939	2,349	27.44	3.64	$34,305
Aug 2002	805	1,693	25.96	3.16	$26,255
Jul 2002	461	1,517	24.58	3.06	$15,976
Jun 2002	815	1,524	23.73	3.34	$24,427
May 2002	935	1,479	24.66	3.58	$28,358
Apr 2002	473	1,489	23.65	3.51	$16,416
Mar 2002	866	1,684	22.00	3.10	$24,277
Feb 2002	898	1,412	18.22	2.38	$19,716
Jan 2002	780	1,622	17.17	2.38	$17,246
Dec 2001	856	1,773	16.93	2.36	$18,684
Nov 2001	883	1,784	18.07	2.41	$20,247
Oct 2001	900	2,165	19.78	2.53	$23,277
Sep 2001	941	2,113	24.26	2.25	$27,586
Aug 2001	803	1,951	24.87	3.05	$25,927
Jul 2001	801	2,127	23.93	3.20	$25,968
Jun 2001	885	2,126	24.56	3.82	$29,866
May 2001	928	2,415	25.52	4.31	$34,085
Apr 2001	870	2,411	24.68	5.34	$34,335
Mar 2001	1,257	2,447	24.54	5.38	$44,003
Feb 2001	461	2,346	27.75	5.77	$26,322
Jan 2001	888	2,787	27.47	8.40	$47,801
Dec 2000	904	2,079	26.88	9.12	$43,265
Nov 2000	479	1,573	32.21	5.66	$24,329
Oct 2000	945	1,812	31.23	5.15	$38,836
Sep 2000	460	1,875	31.87	5.19	$24,385
Aug 2000	918	2,015	29.64	4.54	$36,359
Jul 2000	466	2,114	28.53	4.09	$21,941
Jun 2000	855	2,241	29.30	4.40	$34,906
May 2000	467	2,662	27.26	3.68	$22,526
Apr 2000	836	2,839	24.51	3.12	$29,337
Mar 2000	917	2,753	28.42	2.86	$33,934
Feb 2000	1,225	2,801	27.62	2.73	$41,471
Jan 2000	955	3,012	25.27	2.48	$31,604
Dec 1999	949	2,778	24.28	2.42	$29,775
Nov 1999	935	2,865	23.19	2.43	$28,656
Oct 1999	945	2,865	20.98	2.80	$27,859
Sep 1999	946	2,670	21.75	2.62	$27,568
Aug 1999	939	2,813	19.26	2.88	$26,174
Jul 1999	839	2,739	17.89	2.37	$21,508
Jun 1999	867	2,524	15.94	2.36	$19,782
May 1999	868	2,372	15.79	2.32	$19,211
Apr 1999	943	1,983	15.10	2.21	$18,618
Mar 1999	740	1,057	12.47	1.84	$11,171
Feb 1999	726	1,017	9.98	1.82	$9,094
Jan 1999	960	1,485	10.38	1.90	$12,786
Dec 1998	466	1,769	9.20	1.77	$7,424
Nov 1998	904	2,020	10.89	2.19	$14,260
Oct 1998	900	2,061	12.42	1.97	$15,237
Sep 1998	928	2,028	12.59	2.08	$15,907
Aug 1998	937	2,162	11.30	1.91	$14,712
Jul 1998	469	1,803	11.74	2.24	$9,540
Jun 1998	913	1,845	11.24	2.24	$14,390
May 1998	932	1,481	12.62	2.21	$15,029
Apr 1998	490	1,354	13.04	2.51	$9,782
Mar 1998	921	1,293	12.80	2.31	$14,775
Feb 1998	919	1,128	13.95	2.30	$15,413
Jan 1998	1,318	1,047	14.70	2.15	$21,631
Dec 1997	935	1,057	16.32	2.41	$17,808
Nov 1997	942	881	18.19	3.09	$19,856
Oct 1997	476	1,064	19.25	3.15	$12,514
Sep 1997	814	1,436	17.74	2.95	$18,684
Aug 1997	944	1,651	17.86	2.55	$21,078
Jul 1997	939	1,582	17.58	2.25	$20,062
Jun 1997	948	1,664	17.24	2.26	$20,100
May 1997	951	1,779	18.97	2.31	$22,147
Apr 1997	1,347	1,684	17.88	2.08	$27,592
Mar 1997	1,403	1,622	18.95	1.94	$29,732
Feb 1997	1,540	1,474	20.49	2.21	$34,806
Jan 1997	1,658	1,342	23.48	3.54	$43,680
Dec 1996	1,580	1,516	23.32	—	$36,846
Nov 1996	1,536	1,277	21.97	—	$33,746
Oct 1996	1,367	1,788	23.31	—	$31,865
Sep 1996	1,452	1,738	22.22	—	$32,263
Aug 1996	1,271	1,705	20.26	—	$25,750
Jul 1996	830	1,558	19.55	—	$16,227
Jun 1996	1,073	1,768	18.73	—	$20,097
May 1996	800	1,766	19.43	—	$15,544
Apr 1996	745	1,553	21.51	—	$16,025
Mar 1996	930	1,700	19.38	—	$18,023
Feb 1996	974	1,525	16.98	—	$16,539
Jan 1996	1,046	1,969	17.07	—	$17,855
Dec 1995	1,137	2,160	17.19	—	$19,545
Nov 1995	1,123	2,222	16.00	—	$17,968
Oct 1995	1,430	2,811	15.43	—	$22,065
Sep 1995	1,277	2,726	16.18	—	$20,662
Aug 1995	1,248	2,811	15.92	—	$19,868
Jul 1995	1,366	3,120	15.24	—	$20,818
Jun 1995	1,188	2,908	16.41	—	$19,495
May 1995	1,478	3,129	17.56	—	$25,954
Apr 1995	1,406	3,022	17.73	—	$24,928
Mar 1995	1,410	3,255	16.44	—	$23,180
Feb 1995	1,268	2,982	16.58	—	$21,023
Jan 1995	1,196	4,151	15.92	—	$19,040
Dec 1994	944	3,258	15.03	—	$14,188
Nov 1994	1,018	3,557	15.90	—	$16,186
Oct 1994	1,273	4,472	15.58	—	$19,833
Sep 1994	978	3,905	15.29	—	$14,954
Aug 1994	1,336	5,024	16.13	—	$21,550
Jul 1994	1,367	5,857	17.56	—	$24,005
Jun 1994	1,400	4,620	17.09	—	$23,926
May 1994	1,411	3,703	15.88	—	$22,407
Apr 1994	1,722	3,819	14.14	—	$24,349
Mar 1994	1,736	3,088	12.46	—	$21,631
Feb 1994	1,986	2,647	12.50	—	$24,825
Jan 1994	1,730	2,737	12.66	—	$21,902
Dec 1993	1,635	2,608	12.33	—	$20,160
Nov 1993	1,461	2,580	14.49	—	$21,170
Oct 1993	1,667	4,333	15.85	—	$26,422
Sep 1993	1,902	5,518	15.03	—	$28,587
Aug 1993	2,180	8,224	15.66	—	$34,139
Jul 1993	1,130	4,226	15.46	—	$17,470
Jun 1993	1,490	5,912	16.79	—	$25,017
May 1993	1,619	6,111	17.68	—	$28,624
Apr 1993	1,398	5,013	18.05	—	$25,234
Mar 1993	1,634	6,272	18.14	—	$29,641
Feb 1993	1,394	6,307	17.90	—	$24,953
Jan 1993	1,955	6,522	16.93	—	$33,098

How to read this page

The arithmetic is one multiplication per stream per month. Here it is, worked, on a real row from the table above.

Oct 2018 — as filed, then multipliedworked

Oil                   78 bbl  × $ 61.44 =     $4,792
Casinghead gas         0 Mcf  × $  3.40 =         $0

────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Month total                                   $4,792

The volumes are the state's, unchanged

Every barrel and every Mcf on this page is a number the Railroad Commission of Texas published in its monthly production query. Nothing is modelled, estimated or filled in.

The dollars are a multiplication, not a valuation

Volume × a published monthly price. It is not what the operator was paid: it takes no account of a contract, a differential, a transportation deduction, or the share any one owner holds.

Oil and gas are priced differently

Oil is a Texas realisation — the crude oil first purchase price. Gas is a benchmark, because no free Texas wellhead gas series exists at any date. The prices page publishes the difference rather than correcting it away.

A lease is not a well

The state reports oil on lease and gas on well, and this page is the lease grain. 08/O/27958 is the state's own key, not one this site invented.