SNYDER -B-

Operated by UNITED OIL & SHALE LLC (P-5 103207) in the SNYDER field. Every figure below is a volume the Railroad Commission published, multiplied by a monthly price you can check.

Oil lease lease 6199District 08Field 84469001Hydrogen sulphide fieldOilCasinghead gasSaveExport
Value, all time
$78.7 M
Jan 1993 – May 2026
Value, last 12 filed months
$277 k
at the published price for each month
Months reported
401
no gaps in the span
Streams
2
oil, casinghead gas

The Railroad Commission's own record for the field this lease produces from, including the spacing rule that governs how close together its wells may be drilled.

These are facts about the field, not about this lease. The field holds 75 leases and 958 wells, and the rule below applies to all of them.

Discovered
1937-12-31
as the register files it
Field class
Oil
the register's own label
Between wells
400 ft
minimum
From a lease line
200 ft
minimum

A drilling unit in this field needs at least 5 acres. The field rule took effect on 2008-07-29.

The register flags this field for hydrogen sulphide. That is a poisonous gas that occurs naturally in some formations. The flag is a property of the field as the Commission records it. It is not a measurement taken at this lease, and it is not a statement that gas is escaping anywhere.

What this lease produced, and what it was worth

Oil and condensate are valued on the volume the state records as disposed of; gas and casinghead gas on the volume produced. They are different columns of different files, and the difference is not cosmetic.

StreamBasisVolumeValue
OilDisposition1,786,664 bbl$78,681,903
Casinghead gasProduction21 Mcf$0
Total$78,681,903

21 Mcf of this lease's gas, across 21 months, carries no value here. No free Texas wellhead gas price exists before 1997, so those months are left out of the total rather than valued at zero. The total above is therefore a floor, not an estimate.

Wells on this lease (74)

Every wellbore the Railroad Commission records against this lease key, with the depth, the last completion and the plug date exactly as filed. A well with no plug date is not stated to be producing — the state files no such flag.

These wells centre on 32.2496, -101.2128. A lease has no coordinate of its own — that point is the mean of its wells, and they span 1.1 miles.

32.24928, -101.21275 · centre of the wells drawn, derived

What these wells add up to

Every figure below is counted over all of this lease's wells, not over the rows listed above. The Railroad Commission files two facts about a well's state — a plug date and a proration-schedule flag — and a well can carry both, so they are published as separate counts and never merged into a status.

On the schedule
25.7%
19 of 74 wells
With a plug date
21.6%
16 of 74 wells
Median depth
3,250 ft
49 wells filed one
Completion to plug
30.3 years
median over 7 wells

What the state filed about each well

On the RRC proration schedule
1925.7%
A plug date is filed
1621.6%
BothOn the schedule and plugged. Neither fact cancels the other.
1621.6%
NeitherNo plug date, and not on the schedule.
5574.3%

A plug date is the date the Commission recorded the wellbore as sealed with cement and abandoned. It is the only end-of-life fact Texas files. There is no "active" flag on a well, so this page does not print one — a well with no plug date is not stated to be producing.

How deep they were drilled

Total depth in feet, 49 of 74 wells. Median 3,250 ft, with the middle half between 2,911 and 3,264 ft; the shallowest is 2,800 ft and the deepest 3,650 ft. The median is published rather than the mean, because a single mis-keyed depth moves a mean and cannot move a median.

When they were last completed

Last completion by decade, 35 of 74 wells, Jul 1958 – Nov 2025. This is the LAST completion filed on each wellbore, not the first — a well recompleted in 2019 counts once, in the 2010s.

Completions filed
Jul 1958 – Nov 2025
35 of 74 wells; 39 filed none
Plug dates filed
May 1984 – Nov 2025
16 of 74 wells; 58 filed none

Last completion to plug: a median of 30.3 years across the 7 wells that filed both dates, with the middle half between 15.6 years and 52.9 years. The gap is the distance between two filed dates. It is not a statement of how long the well produced.

74 wells

42-2270127142,894 ftMay 1984Yes
42-2270127862,800 ftNov 2025Yes
42-2270129792,953 ftNov 1991Yes
42-2270129972,916 ftJan 1993Yes
42-2270131916Yes
42-22701340242,960 ftYes
42-22701341232,800 ftAug 2021Yes
42-22701345262,800 ftJul 2021Yes
42-22701347272,800 ftJul 2021Yes
42-22701368392,911 ftYes
42-2270149132,960 ftFeb 2014Yes
42-22704360102,899 ftJul 2009Yes
42-227012775
42-2270130411
42-2270130712
42-22701310132,916 ft
42-2270131515
42-2270132217
42-2270132518
42-2270132619
42-2270133120
42-2270133421
42-2270133722
42-2270134325
42-2270134928
42-2270135129
42-2270135330
42-2270135531
42-2270135732
42-2270135933
42-2270136134
42-2270136335
42-2270136536
42-2270136738
42-2270136940
42-227014672
42-227014891
42-22730374483,218 ft
42-2273254913W3,255 ft
42-2270128183,232 ftNov 2025
42-22732020603,250 ftNov 2025
42-22701372432,950 ftDec 2023
42-2273705666R3,150 ftJan 2013Jul 2016Yes
42-22701313142,901 ftJul 2009
42-22736117663,550 ftJul 2008Aug 2010Yes
42-22736118653,550 ftApr 2008
42-22735981643,650 ftJun 2006
42-2273526421W3,500 ftApr 1998
42-2273526320W3,500 ftApr 1998Nov 2025Yes
42-2273526217W3,500 ftApr 1998
42-22734918633,559 ftDec 1995
42-22734919623,550 ftDec 1995
42-22733371613,285 ftNov 1984Mar 2015Yes
42-2273254814W3,264 ftJan 1982
42-2273197712W3,250 ftJan 1980
42-2273197811W3,253 ftJan 1980
42-22731419583,275 ftDec 1977
42-22731420593,275 ftNov 1977
42-22730957573,263 ftJul 1976
42-22730956563,264 ftJul 1976
42-22730876543,258 ftDec 1975
42-22730877553,250 ftDec 1975
42-22730769533,250 ftMay 1975
42-22730622523,250 ftApr 1975Mar 2025Yes
42-22730623513,250 ftMar 1975
42-22730554503,250 ftMar 1974
42-22730498493,265 ftJun 1973
42-22701376472,925 ftApr 1961
42-22701375462,904 ftFeb 1961
42-22701373442,900 ftJul 1960Feb 2025Yes
42-22701374452,930 ftJul 1960
42-22701371422,890 ftMay 1959Mar 2015Yes
42-22701370412,898 ftMay 1959
42-22701366372,894 ftJul 1958

The API number is the state's, prefixed 42 for Texas. A well is matched to this lease by the lease key the Commission files on the wellbore record, so a well that has moved between leases appears under each one it was filed against.

Every month this lease reported (401)

Volume × price = value, one row per cycle. The price columns are the same series published on the prices page — nothing here is modelled.

401 months

May 202600106.413.05$0
Apr 20260098.932.87$0
Mar 2026482089.753.15$43,260
Feb 2026480063.503.75$30,480
Jan 20260059.138.00$0
Dec 2025345056.664.41$19,548
Nov 2025350058.593.93$20,507
Oct 2025295059.383.30$17,517
Sep 2025442062.743.08$27,731
Aug 2025614063.933.01$39,253
Jul 2025519066.743.32$34,638
Jun 2025667066.483.13$44,342
May 2025670060.553.23$40,569
Apr 2025841062.363.54$52,445
Mar 20250067.704.27$0
Feb 2025476070.884.34$33,739
Jan 2025993074.324.28$73,800
Dec 2024812068.993.12$56,020
Nov 2024997069.052.20$68,843
Oct 2024857071.372.28$61,164
Sep 2024485069.612.36$33,761
Aug 2024629075.632.06$47,571
Jul 2024663079.932.15$52,994
Jun 2024677078.082.63$52,860
May 2024674078.812.20$53,118
Apr 2024607084.451.66$51,261
Mar 2024372080.301.55$29,872
Feb 2024687076.091.78$52,274
Jan 20241,038073.023.30$75,795
Dec 2023832071.262.61$59,288
Nov 2023858077.892.81$66,830
Oct 2023988085.443.09$84,415
Sep 2023695089.042.74$61,883
Aug 2023987080.522.67$79,473
Jul 20231,352074.852.64$101,197
Jun 20231,294068.962.26$89,234
May 20231,350070.622.23$95,337
Apr 20231,399078.122.24$109,290
Mar 20231,560072.852.39$113,646
Feb 20231,600075.112.47$120,176
Jan 20231,573076.533.39$120,382
Dec 20221,670076.415.73$127,605
Nov 20221,899085.005.65$161,415
Oct 20221,715087.185.86$149,514
Sep 20221,761084.888.16$149,474
Aug 20222,227094.529.13$210,496
Jul 20221,7000101.587.54$172,686
Jun 20222,0910115.097.98$240,653
May 20222,8570109.378.43$312,470
Apr 20221,8790104.226.84$195,829
Mar 20222,3500108.885.08$255,868
Feb 20221,809091.054.86$164,709
Jan 20222,465081.844.54$201,736
Dec 20212,737071.323.90$195,203
Nov 20212,701077.435.24$209,138
Oct 20212,265079.795.71$180,724
Sep 20211,998069.865.35$139,580
Aug 20212,125066.024.22$140,293
Jul 20212,121070.783.98$150,124
Jun 20212,040069.493.38$141,760
May 20211,822063.483.02$115,661
Apr 20212,388060.362.76$144,140
Mar 20212,378061.302.72$145,771
Feb 2021993057.805.55$57,395
Jan 20212,659050.412.81$134,040
Dec 20202,349044.642.68$104,859
Nov 20202,212038.772.71$85,759
Oct 20202,771036.972.48$102,444
Sep 20201,866037.091.99$69,210
Aug 20201,677039.982.39$67,046
Jul 20202,727038.371.83$104,635
Jun 20201,626034.901.69$56,747
May 20201,982016.921.81$33,535
Apr 20202,421014.751.80$35,710
Mar 20203,225030.341.86$97,847
Feb 20202,814049.881.98$140,362
Jan 20203,279057.252.09$187,723
Dec 20193,091059.012.30$182,400
Nov 20192,772055.302.75$153,292
Oct 20193,551053.472.42$189,872
Sep 20192,999055.052.66$165,095
Aug 20192,608053.112.30$138,511
Jul 20193,431056.272.46$193,062
Jun 20192,990052.782.49$157,812
May 20193,706058.482.74$216,727
Apr 20193,927062.632.75$245,948
Mar 20193,046056.803.06$173,013
Feb 20193,240050.852.79$164,754
Jan 20193,037046.033.23$139,793
Dec 20183,534046.594.19$164,649
Nov 20183,379052.934.24$178,850
Oct 20183,374061.443.40$207,299
Sep 20183,616059.543.11$215,297
Aug 20183,255059.403.07$193,347
Jul 20183,926065.142.93$255,740
Jun 20182,884060.183.08$173,559
May 20183,479065.382.90$227,457
Apr 20183,484063.842.90$222,419
Mar 20183,487061.222.79$213,474
Feb 20183,135061.782.77$193,680
Jan 20183,470062.874.01$218,159
Dec 20173,961057.272.92$226,846
Nov 20173,556055.423.12$197,074
Oct 20173,246049.292.98$159,995
Sep 20173,332047.523.09$158,337
Aug 20173,505045.373.00$159,022
Jul 20173,805043.873.09$166,925
Jun 20173,120042.493.09$132,569
May 20173,561045.373.26$161,563
Apr 20173,749047.933.21$179,690
Mar 20173,506046.772.98$163,976
Feb 20173,176050.452.95$160,229
Jan 20173,387049.413.42$167,352
Dec 20163,266048.763.72$159,250
Nov 20163,191042.492.64$135,586
Oct 20163,516046.193.09$162,404
Sep 20163,485041.553.10$144,802
Aug 20163,573041.442.92$148,065
Jul 20163,725041.622.92$155,035
Jun 20163,454045.352.69$156,639
May 20163,753042.521.99$159,578
Apr 20163,429036.561.99$125,364
Mar 20164,059033.011.79$133,988
Feb 20163,400026.472.06$89,998
Jan 20163,799027.352.36$103,903
Dec 20153,604032.362.00$116,625
Nov 20153,752038.792.17$145,540
Oct 20153,856043.552.43$167,929
Sep 20153,476042.992.76$149,433
Aug 20153,441040.162.87$138,191
Jul 20154,136048.152.95$199,148
Jun 20153,780056.152.88$212,247
May 20154,296055.212.96$237,182
Apr 20153,617049.822.71$180,199
Mar 20153,797042.892.93$162,853
Feb 20153,364044.662.98$150,236
Jan 20151,924043.433.10$83,559
Dec 20143,304054.693.59$180,696
Nov 20144,217070.464.25$297,130
Oct 20143,796078.303.90$297,227
Sep 20143,763086.164.05$324,220
Aug 20144,239089.394.04$378,924
Jul 20144,237096.564.18$409,125
Jun 20143,752098.164.74$368,296
May 20144,165094.734.73$394,550
Apr 20144,226095.944.81$405,442
Mar 20144,323095.895.06$414,532
Feb 20144,214097.406.19$410,444
Jan 20144,234090.404.86$382,754
Dec 20134,807091.824.35$441,379
Nov 20134,251088.853.74$377,701
Oct 20134,290097.423.78$417,932
Sep 20134,2480104.113.72$442,259
Aug 20134,0920104.253.52$426,591
Jul 20134,2290102.523.72$433,557
Jun 20134,045094.403.93$381,848
May 20133,735094.834.15$354,190
Apr 20134,113093.964.28$386,457
Mar 20134,298093.623.91$402,379
Feb 20133,828091.233.42$349,228
Jan 20134,582091.603.42$419,711
Dec 20123,770086.773.42$327,123
Nov 20124,246086.953.62$369,190
Oct 20124,297089.383.40$384,066
Sep 20124,176094.672.92$395,342
Aug 20124,620092.662.91$428,089
Jul 20123,639085.133.02$309,788
Jun 20124,186079.822.52$334,127
May 20123,691091.612.49$338,133
Apr 20124,2410101.652.00$431,098
Mar 20124,4350105.052.22$465,897
Feb 20124,3240101.102.57$437,156
Jan 20124,515098.092.73$442,876
Dec 20113,833096.873.24$371,303
Nov 20114,176095.723.31$399,727
Oct 20113,796084.983.65$322,584
Sep 20113,957083.623.99$330,884
Aug 20113,955083.404.15$329,847
Jul 20114,287094.144.52$403,578
Jun 20113,704092.904.64$344,102
May 20114,249098.134.40$416,954
Apr 20114,4660105.964.33$473,217
Mar 20114,090096.364.06$394,112
Feb 20113,225085.644.18$276,189
Jan 20114,468086.504.59$386,482
Dec 20104,257085.734.35$364,953
Nov 20104,411080.843.80$356,585
Oct 20104,001078.103.51$312,478
Sep 20104,157072.633.98$301,923
Aug 20103,405073.684.42$250,880
Jul 20104,826072.554.74$350,126
Jun 20103,722070.364.91$261,880
May 20104,618071.124.24$328,432
Apr 20104,101081.694.12$335,011
Mar 20105,022078.394.39$393,675
Feb 20103,990073.585.44$293,584
Jan 20104,722074.365.96$351,128
Dec 20094,504071.445.48$321,766
Nov 20094,704074.593.75$350,871
Oct 20094,712072.544.11$341,808
Sep 20094,321065.543.06$283,198
Aug 20094,785067.423.22$322,605
Jul 20094,387061.133.46$268,177
Jun 20094,817066.163.90$318,693
May 20094,681054.743.93$256,238
Apr 20094,304046.773.59$201,298
Mar 20095,012042.144.06$211,206
Feb 20093,904032.814.63$128,090
Jan 20095,137035.865.37$184,213
Dec 20085,376037.105.98$199,450
Nov 20084,414055.496.86$244,933
Oct 20084,816075.246.92$362,356
Sep 20085,3260101.767.88$541,974
Aug 20085,2050114.228.48$594,515
Jul 20085,5590131.0811.39$728,674
Jun 20084,7070131.3313.03$618,170
May 20084,9340123.1711.57$607,721
Apr 20085,1290110.3110.45$565,780
Mar 20084,7940101.909.66$488,509
Feb 20084,825092.538.77$446,457
Jan 20084,785090.388.21$432,468
Dec 20074,777088.337.30$421,952
Nov 20074,714091.677.29$432,132
Oct 20074,604082.856.92$381,441
Sep 20074,817075.846.24$365,321
Aug 20075,284069.066.39$364,913
Jul 20075,148070.906.39$364,993
Jun 20074,657062.007.55$288,734
May 20075,557058.747.85$326,418
Apr 20074,774059.617.81$284,578
Mar 20075,567056.927.30$316,874
Feb 20074,236055.108.22$233,404
Jan 20074,995050.306.73$251,249
Dec 20064,436056.656.92$251,299
Nov 20064,956054.207.62$268,615
Oct 20065,009054.906.01$274,994
Sep 20064,846060.085.04$291,148
Aug 20065,288068.717.34$363,338
Jul 20064,377069.376.34$303,632
Jun 20064,983066.286.38$330,273
May 20064,953066.016.42$326,948
Apr 20064,951064.397.36$318,795
Mar 20064,620056.707.08$261,954
Feb 20064,958057.597.75$285,531
Jan 20064,971060.598.93$301,193
Dec 20054,799054.9413.42$263,657
Nov 20055,073054.6910.59$277,442
Oct 20054,819058.3413.80$281,140
Sep 20054,422061.4512.08$271,732
Aug 20055,605061.519.80$344,764
Jul 20054,479055.697.84$249,436
Jun 20055,207052.337.38$272,482
May 20055,219045.226.65$236,003
Apr 20055,785049.207.36$284,622
Mar 20054,786050.377.15$241,071
Feb 20054,301045.226.31$194,491
Jan 20055,527043.166.32$238,545
Dec 20044,374039.866.75$174,348
Nov 20044,465045.286.33$202,175
Oct 20044,941049.706.52$245,568
Sep 20045,077043.245.28$219,529
Aug 20044,879042.375.55$206,723
Jul 20044,644038.286.08$177,772
Jun 20045,064036.106.43$182,810
May 20044,905037.486.49$183,839
Apr 20045,024034.475.86$173,177
Mar 20044,365034.365.53$149,981
Feb 20045,110032.455.51$165,820
Jan 20044,968032.036.30$159,125
Dec 20035,207030.266.30$157,564
Nov 20034,095028.804.60$117,936
Oct 20035,199028.174.76$146,456
Sep 20034,456026.314.75$117,237
Aug 20035,267029.765.13$156,746
Jul 20034,534029.415.17$133,345
Jun 20035,354028.565.98$152,910
May 20034,560026.595.97$121,250
Apr 20035,200026.675.41$138,684
Mar 20035,226031.146.10$162,738
Feb 20034,951033.487.93$165,759
Jan 20035,007030.315.58$151,762
Dec 20024,453026.914.85$119,830
Nov 20025,692024.664.14$140,365
Oct 20025,361026.464.23$141,852
Sep 20024,349027.443.64$119,337
Aug 20025,915025.963.16$153,553
Jul 20025,058024.583.06$124,326
Jun 20025,060023.733.34$120,074
May 20025,093024.663.58$125,593
Apr 20024,896023.653.51$115,790
Mar 20025,868022.003.10$129,096
Feb 20024,125018.222.38$75,158
Jan 20026,250017.172.38$107,313
Dec 20015,164016.932.36$87,427
Nov 20015,162018.072.41$93,277
Oct 20015,317019.782.53$105,170
Sep 20015,097024.262.25$123,653
Aug 20015,882024.873.05$146,285
Jul 20015,655023.933.20$135,324
Jun 20015,338024.563.82$131,101
May 20016,030025.524.31$153,886
Apr 20015,469024.685.34$134,975
Mar 20015,552024.545.38$136,246
Feb 20015,624027.755.77$156,066
Jan 20015,692027.478.40$156,359
Dec 20005,423026.889.12$145,770
Nov 20005,597032.215.66$180,279
Oct 20006,263031.235.15$195,593
Sep 20006,066031.875.19$193,323
Aug 20006,369029.644.54$188,777
Jul 20006,133028.534.09$174,974
Jun 20005,394029.304.40$158,044
May 20005,767027.263.68$157,208
Apr 20006,223024.513.12$152,526
Mar 20005,726028.422.86$162,733
Feb 20006,429027.622.73$177,569
Jan 20005,753025.272.48$145,378
Dec 19997,249024.282.42$176,006
Nov 19995,511023.192.43$127,800
Oct 19996,562020.982.80$137,671
Sep 19996,291021.752.62$136,829
Aug 19996,473019.262.88$124,670
Jul 19996,473017.892.37$115,802
Jun 19996,396015.942.36$101,952
May 19996,797015.792.32$107,325
Apr 19996,660015.102.21$100,566
Mar 19997,166012.471.84$89,360
Feb 19995,73009.981.82$57,185
Jan 19996,908010.381.90$71,705
Dec 19987,12509.201.77$65,550
Nov 19986,597010.892.19$71,841
Oct 19987,633012.421.97$94,802
Sep 19986,439012.592.08$81,067
Aug 19987,464011.301.91$84,343
Jul 19987,005011.742.24$82,239
Jun 19987,418011.242.24$83,378
May 19987,361012.622.21$92,896
Apr 19986,672013.042.51$87,003
Mar 19988,464012.802.31$108,339
Feb 19986,598013.952.30$92,042
Jan 19987,387014.702.15$108,589
Dec 19976,915016.322.41$112,853
Nov 19976,210018.193.09$112,960
Oct 19976,860019.253.15$132,055
Sep 19976,710017.742.95$119,035
Aug 19976,209017.862.55$110,893
Jul 19976,883017.582.25$121,003
Jun 19976,837017.242.26$117,870
May 19976,367018.972.31$120,782
Apr 19976,671017.882.08$119,277
Mar 19977,370018.951.94$139,662
Feb 19976,305020.492.21$129,189
Jan 19976,618023.483.54$155,391
Dec 19967,430023.32$173,268
Nov 19966,973021.97$153,197
Oct 19967,157023.31$166,830
Sep 19967,352022.22$163,361
Aug 19967,469020.26$151,322
Jul 19967,647019.55$149,499
Jun 19967,464018.73$139,801
May 19967,942019.43$154,313
Apr 19967,402021.51$159,217
Mar 19968,118019.38$157,327
Feb 19967,781016.98$132,121
Jan 19969,331017.07$159,280
Dec 19958,635017.19$148,436
Nov 19956,382016.00$102,112
Oct 19956,964015.43$107,455
Sep 19956,922016.18$111,998
Aug 19956,501015.92$103,496
Jul 19957,262015.24$110,673
Jun 19956,628016.41$108,765
May 19957,210017.56$126,608
Apr 19956,951017.73$123,241
Mar 19956,658016.44$109,458
Feb 19956,599016.58$109,411
Jan 19957,605015.92$121,072
Dec 19947,623015.03$114,574
Nov 19947,050015.90$112,095
Oct 19947,230015.58$112,643
Sep 19947,529115.29$115,118
Aug 19948,183116.13$131,992
Jul 19947,478117.56$131,314
Jun 19947,596117.09$129,816
May 19947,736115.88$122,848
Apr 19947,510114.14$106,191
Mar 19948,414112.46$104,838
Feb 19947,215112.50$90,188
Jan 19947,944112.66$100,571
Dec 19938,917112.33$109,947
Nov 19937,769114.49$112,573
Oct 19938,013115.85$127,006
Sep 19938,159115.03$122,630
Aug 19938,755115.66$137,103
Jul 19938,207115.46$126,880
Jun 19938,246116.79$138,450
May 19938,690117.68$153,639
Apr 19938,455118.05$152,613
Mar 19938,204118.14$148,821
Feb 19938,483117.90$151,846
Jan 19938,443116.93$142,940

How to read this page

The arithmetic is one multiplication per stream per month. Here it is, worked, on a real row from the table above.

Mar 2026 — as filed, then multipliedworked
Oil                  482 bbl  × $ 89.75 =    $43,260
Casinghead gas         0 Mcf  × $  3.15 =         $0

────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Month total                                  $43,260

The volumes are the state's, unchanged

Every barrel and every Mcf on this page is a number the Railroad Commission of Texas published in its monthly production query. Nothing is modelled, estimated or filled in.

The dollars are a multiplication, not a valuation

Volume × a published monthly price. It is not what the operator was paid: it takes no account of a contract, a differential, a transportation deduction, or the share any one owner holds.

Oil and gas are priced differently

Oil is a Texas realisation — the crude oil first purchase price. Gas is a benchmark, because no free Texas wellhead gas series exists at any date. The prices page publishes the difference rather than correcting it away.

A lease is not a well

The state reports oil on lease and gas on well, and this page is the lease grain. 08/O/6199 is the state's own key, not one this site invented.