MONTFORD, EMMA J.

Name: MONTFORD, EMMA J. lease production and value, Jan 1993 onwards
Creator: Railroad Commission of Texas
License: https://www.rrc.texas.gov/site-policies/

Operated by SCOUT ENERGY MANAGEMENT LLC (P-5 760218) in the BOONSVILLE (BEND CONGL., GAS) field. Every figure below is a volume the Railroad Commission published, multiplied by a monthly price you can check.

Gas lease lease 34288District 09Field 10574520NGPA filingCondensateGasSave Export

Value, all time

$705 k

Jan 1993 – Jan 2022

Value, last 12 filed months

at the published price for each month

Months reported

349

no gaps in the span

Streams

condensate, gas

The BOONSVILLE (BEND CONGL., GAS) field

The Railroad Commission's own record for the field this lease produces from, including the spacing rule that governs how close together its wells may be drilled.

These are facts about the field, not about this lease. The field holds 3,438 leases and 3,443 wells, and the rule below applies to all of them.

Discovered

1945-05-01

as the register files it

Field class

Oil and gas

the register's own label

Between wells

1,200 ft

minimum

From a lease line

467 ft

minimum

A drilling unit in this field needs at least 80 acres. The field rule took effect on 1991-06-10.

The Commission's schedule remark for this field reads: “AMOUNT HAD BEEN CALCULATED FOR 5/1/97.”

Severance-tax incentive filings

Applications the operator filed to have this lease's gas taxed at a reduced state rate. A filing is an application, and this page never calls one a reduction that was granted.

Programme	Filings	With an approval date	Dated	Docket
NGPA	1	none	—	—

This says nothing about a royalty. A severance tax is charged to the operator. Whether a reduced rate reaches a royalty owner depends on the wording of the lease instrument, which is a private contract this site does not hold.

What this lease produced, and what it was worth

Oil and condensate are valued on the volume the state records as disposed of; gas and casinghead gas on the volume produced. They are different columns of different files, and the difference is not cosmetic.

Stream	Basis	Volume	Value
Condensate	Disposition	737 bbl	$32,473
Gas	Production	218,159 Mcf	$672,216
Total			$704,689

53,784 Mcf of this lease's gas, across 8 months, carries no value here. No free Texas wellhead gas price exists before 1997, so those months are left out of the total rather than valued at zero. The total above is therefore a floor, not an estimate.

Wells on this lease (1)

Every wellbore the Railroad Commission records against this lease key, with the depth, the last completion and the plug date exactly as filed. A well with no plug date is not stated to be producing — the state files no such flag.

These wells centre on 33.1677, -97.8085. A lease has no coordinate of its own — that point is the mean of its wells, and they span 0.0 miles.

33.16770, -97.80847 · centre of the wells drawn, derived⌘ or Ctrl + scroll to zoom

What these wells add up to

Every figure below is counted over all of this lease's wells, not over the rows listed above. The Railroad Commission files two facts about a well's state — a plug date and a proration-schedule flag — and a well can carry both, so they are published as separate counts and never merged into a status.

On the schedule

100.0%

1 of 1 wells

With a plug date

100.0%

1 of 1 wells

Median depth

6,250 ft

1 wells filed one

Completion to plug

57.4 years

median over 1 well

What the state filed about each well

On the RRC proration schedule

1100.0%

A plug date is filed

1100.0%

BothOn the schedule and plugged. Neither fact cancels the other.

1100.0%

NeitherNo plug date, and not on the schedule.

00.0%

A plug date is the date the Commission recorded the wellbore as sealed with cement and abandoned. It is the only end-of-life fact Texas files. There is no "active" flag on a well, so this page does not print one — a well with no plug date is not stated to be producing.

How deep they were drilled

The one well that filed a depth was drilled to 6,250 ft.

Completions filed

Aug 1964

1 of 1 wells

Plug dates filed

Jan 2022

1 of 1 wells

Last completion to plug: a median of 57.4 years across the 1 well that filed both dates, with the middle half between 57.4 years and 57.4 years. The gap is the distance between two filed dates. It is not a statement of how long the well produced.

1 well


42-49700523	1	6,250 ft	Aug 1964	Jan 2022	Yes

The API number is the state's, prefixed 42 for Texas. A well is matched to this lease by the lease key the Commission files on the wellbore record, so a well that has moved between leases appears under each one it was filed against.

Every month this lease reported (349)

Volume × price = value, one row per cycle. The price columns are the same series published on the prices page — nothing here is modelled.

349 months


Jan 2022	0	0	81.84	4.54	$0
Dec 2021	0	0	71.32	3.90	$0
Nov 2021	0	0	77.43	5.24	$0
Oct 2021	0	0	79.79	5.71	$0
Sep 2021	0	0	69.86	5.35	$0
Aug 2021	0	0	66.02	4.22	$0
Jul 2021	0	0	70.78	3.98	$0
Jun 2021	0	0	69.49	3.38	$0
May 2021	0	0	63.48	3.02	$0
Apr 2021	0	0	60.36	2.76	$0
Mar 2021	0	0	61.30	2.72	$0
Feb 2021	0	0	57.80	5.55	$0
Jan 2021	0	0	50.41	2.81	$0
Dec 2020	0	0	44.64	2.68	$0
Nov 2020	0	0	38.77	2.71	$0
Oct 2020	0	0	36.97	2.48	$0
Sep 2020	0	0	37.09	1.99	$0
Aug 2020	0	0	39.98	2.39	$0
Jul 2020	0	0	38.37	1.83	$0
Jun 2020	0	0	34.90	1.69	$0
May 2020	0	0	16.92	1.81	$0
Apr 2020	0	0	14.75	1.80	$0
Mar 2020	0	0	30.34	1.86	$0
Feb 2020	0	0	49.88	1.98	$0
Jan 2020	0	0	57.25	2.09	$0
Dec 2019	0	0	59.01	2.30	$0
Nov 2019	0	1	55.30	2.75	$3
Oct 2019	0	65	53.47	2.42	$157
Sep 2019	0	73	55.05	2.66	$194
Aug 2019	0	69	53.11	2.30	$159
Jul 2019	0	66	56.27	2.46	$162
Jun 2019	0	68	52.78	2.49	$169
May 2019	0	75	58.48	2.74	$206
Apr 2019	0	77	62.63	2.75	$212
Mar 2019	0	86	56.80	3.06	$263
Feb 2019	0	0	50.85	2.79	$0
Jan 2019	0	106	46.03	3.23	$342
Dec 2018	0	115	46.59	4.19	$481
Nov 2018	0	122	52.93	4.24	$517
Oct 2018	0	112	61.44	3.40	$381
Sep 2018	0	274	59.54	3.11	$852
Aug 2018	3	339	59.40	3.07	$1,218
Jul 2018	48	118	65.14	2.93	$3,473
Jun 2018	0	178	60.18	3.08	$548
May 2018	0	422	65.38	2.90	$1,224
Apr 2018	0	365	63.84	2.90	$1,059
Mar 2018	0	390	61.22	2.79	$1,087
Feb 2018	0	311	61.78	2.77	$860
Jan 2018	0	451	62.87	4.01	$1,808
Dec 2017	0	402	57.27	2.92	$1,174
Nov 2017	0	414	55.42	3.12	$1,291
Oct 2017	0	422	49.29	2.98	$1,259
Sep 2017	0	453	47.52	3.09	$1,399
Aug 2017	0	463	45.37	3.00	$1,391
Jul 2017	0	421	43.87	3.09	$1,300
Jun 2017	0	420	42.49	3.09	$1,297
May 2017	0	433	45.37	3.26	$1,413
Apr 2017	0	404	47.93	3.21	$1,297
Mar 2017	0	399	46.77	2.98	$1,190
Feb 2017	0	443	50.45	2.95	$1,308
Jan 2017	0	427	49.41	3.42	$1,460
Dec 2016	0	358	48.76	3.72	$1,333
Nov 2016	0	412	42.49	2.64	$1,089
Oct 2016	0	457	46.19	3.09	$1,412
Sep 2016	0	395	41.55	3.10	$1,225
Aug 2016	0	429	41.44	2.92	$1,255
Jul 2016	0	367	41.62	2.92	$1,073
Jun 2016	0	409	45.35	2.69	$1,099
May 2016	20	393	42.52	1.99	$1,633
Apr 2016	0	434	36.56	1.99	$864
Mar 2016	0	470	33.01	1.79	$843
Feb 2016	0	445	26.47	2.06	$918
Jan 2016	0	437	27.35	2.36	$1,033
Dec 2015	57	502	32.36	2.00	$2,849
Nov 2015	0	500	38.79	2.17	$1,084
Oct 2015	0	479	43.55	2.43	$1,162
Sep 2015	0	389	42.99	2.76	$1,073
Aug 2015	0	303	40.16	2.87	$870
Jul 2015	0	421	48.15	2.95	$1,240
Jun 2015	0	439	56.15	2.88	$1,266
May 2015	0	498	55.21	2.96	$1,472
Apr 2015	0	559	49.82	2.71	$1,513
Mar 2015	0	539	42.89	2.93	$1,582
Feb 2015	0	345	44.66	2.98	$1,027
Jan 2015	0	58	43.43	3.10	$180
Dec 2014	0	432	54.69	3.59	$1,551
Nov 2014	0	343	70.46	4.25	$1,458
Oct 2014	0	453	78.30	3.90	$1,767
Sep 2014	0	478	86.16	4.05	$1,934
Aug 2014	0	412	89.39	4.04	$1,662
Jul 2014	0	461	96.56	4.18	$1,927
Jun 2014	0	433	98.16	4.74	$2,051
May 2014	0	486	94.73	4.73	$2,297
Apr 2014	0	538	95.94	4.81	$2,587
Mar 2014	0	484	95.89	5.06	$2,447
Feb 2014	0	392	97.40	6.19	$2,427
Jan 2014	0	319	90.40	4.86	$1,551
Dec 2013	0	355	91.82	4.35	$1,546
Nov 2013	0	230	88.85	3.74	$860
Oct 2013	0	262	97.42	3.78	$990
Sep 2013	0	253	104.11	3.72	$941
Aug 2013	0	433	104.25	3.52	$1,525
Jul 2013	0	504	102.52	3.72	$1,874
Jun 2013	0	305	94.40	3.93	$1,200
May 2013	0	303	94.83	4.15	$1,257
Apr 2013	0	330	93.96	4.28	$1,413
Mar 2013	1	327	93.62	3.91	$1,373
Feb 2013	38	285	91.23	3.42	$4,441
Jan 2013	0	316	91.60	3.42	$1,081
Dec 2012	0	347	86.77	3.42	$1,187
Nov 2012	0	333	86.95	3.62	$1,207
Oct 2012	0	370	89.38	3.40	$1,258
Sep 2012	0	407	94.67	2.92	$1,188
Aug 2012	0	391	92.66	2.91	$1,137
Jul 2012	0	261	85.13	3.02	$788
Jun 2012	0	102	79.82	2.52	$257
May 2012	0	122	91.61	2.49	$304
Apr 2012	0	411	101.65	2.00	$821
Mar 2012	0	330	105.05	2.22	$733
Feb 2012	0	475	101.10	2.57	$1,221
Jan 2012	0	398	98.09	2.73	$1,088
Dec 2011	0	419	96.87	3.24	$1,357
Nov 2011	0	368	95.72	3.31	$1,219
Oct 2011	0	354	84.98	3.65	$1,292
Sep 2011	0	481	83.62	3.99	$1,917
Aug 2011	0	463	83.40	4.15	$1,921
Jul 2011	0	418	94.14	4.52	$1,888
Jun 2011	1	326	92.90	4.64	$1,606
May 2011	53	271	98.13	4.40	$6,395
Apr 2011	0	239	105.96	4.33	$1,036
Mar 2011	0	449	96.36	4.06	$1,822
Feb 2011	0	174	85.64	4.18	$727
Jan 2011	0	188	86.50	4.59	$863
Dec 2010	0	225	85.73	4.35	$978
Nov 2010	0	286	80.84	3.80	$1,085
Oct 2010	0	340	78.10	3.51	$1,193
Sep 2010	0	315	72.63	3.98	$1,254
Aug 2010	0	451	73.68	4.42	$1,993
Jul 2010	0	426	72.55	4.74	$2,018
Jun 2010	0	397	70.36	4.91	$1,949
May 2010	0	437	71.12	4.24	$1,851
Apr 2010	0	451	81.69	4.12	$1,859
Mar 2010	0	455	78.39	4.39	$1,997
Feb 2010	0	422	73.58	5.44	$2,297
Jan 2010	0	189	74.36	5.96	$1,127
Dec 2009	0	407	71.44	5.48	$2,232
Nov 2009	0	350	74.59	3.75	$1,313
Oct 2009	0	479	72.54	4.11	$1,969
Sep 2009	0	461	65.54	3.06	$1,413
Aug 2009	107	320	67.42	3.22	$8,244
Jul 2009	0	245	61.13	3.46	$849
Jun 2009	0	338	66.16	3.90	$1,317
May 2009	0	242	54.74	3.93	$950
Apr 2009	0	469	46.77	3.59	$1,683
Mar 2009	0	551	42.14	4.06	$2,237
Feb 2009	0	507	32.81	4.63	$2,349
Jan 2009	0	410	35.86	5.37	$2,202
Dec 2008	0	363	37.10	5.98	$2,170
Nov 2008	0	488	55.49	6.86	$3,348
Oct 2008	0	481	75.24	6.92	$3,329
Sep 2008	0	512	101.76	7.88	$4,033
Aug 2008	0	510	114.22	8.48	$4,326
Jul 2008	0	519	131.08	11.39	$5,911
Jun 2008	0	555	131.33	13.03	$7,233
May 2008	0	627	123.17	11.57	$7,257
Apr 2008	0	564	110.31	10.45	$5,897
Mar 2008	0	509	101.90	9.66	$4,919
Feb 2008	0	527	92.53	8.77	$4,622
Jan 2008	0	412	90.38	8.21	$3,381
Dec 2007	0	482	88.33	7.30	$3,520
Nov 2007	0	578	91.67	7.29	$4,215
Oct 2007	0	621	82.85	6.92	$4,299
Sep 2007	0	353	75.84	6.24	$2,204
Aug 2007	0	420	69.06	6.39	$2,683
Jul 2007	0	450	70.90	6.39	$2,875
Jun 2007	0	451	62.00	7.55	$3,404
May 2007	0	476	58.74	7.85	$3,735
Apr 2007	0	494	59.61	7.81	$3,856
Mar 2007	0	344	56.92	7.30	$2,512
Feb 2007	0	463	55.10	8.22	$3,804
Jan 2007	0	741	50.30	6.73	$4,985
Dec 2006	0	698	56.65	6.92	$4,829
Nov 2006	0	246	54.20	7.62	$1,874
Oct 2006	0	208	54.90	6.01	$1,251
Sep 2006	0	204	60.08	5.04	$1,028
Aug 2006	0	203	68.71	7.34	$1,490
Jul 2006	0	197	69.37	6.34	$1,250
Jun 2006	0	155	66.28	6.38	$990
May 2006	0	159	66.01	6.42	$1,022
Apr 2006	0	160	64.39	7.36	$1,178
Mar 2006	0	152	56.70	7.08	$1,077
Feb 2006	0	166	57.59	7.75	$1,287
Jan 2006	0	170	60.59	8.93	$1,519
Dec 2005	0	202	54.94	13.42	$2,710
Nov 2005	0	229	54.69	10.59	$2,425
Oct 2005	0	225	58.34	13.80	$3,104
Sep 2005	0	241	61.45	12.08	$2,911
Aug 2005	0	252	61.51	9.80	$2,469
Jul 2005	0	226	55.69	7.84	$1,773
Jun 2005	0	294	52.33	7.38	$2,170
May 2005	0	382	45.22	6.65	$2,541
Apr 2005	0	368	49.20	7.36	$2,709
Mar 2005	97	330	50.37	7.15	$7,247
Feb 2005	0	332	45.22	6.31	$2,096
Jan 2005	0	354	43.16	6.32	$2,238
Dec 2004	0	360	39.86	6.75	$2,430
Nov 2004	0	354	45.28	6.33	$2,241
Oct 2004	0	395	49.70	6.52	$2,573
Sep 2004	0	392	43.24	5.28	$2,071
Aug 2004	0	439	42.37	5.55	$2,437
Jul 2004	0	441	38.28	6.08	$2,683
Jun 2004	0	361	36.10	6.43	$2,322
May 2004	0	401	37.48	6.49	$2,604
Apr 2004	0	434	34.47	5.86	$2,543
Mar 2004	0	494	34.36	5.53	$2,732
Feb 2004	0	601	32.45	5.51	$3,311
Jan 2004	0	679	32.03	6.30	$4,277
Dec 2003	0	707	30.26	6.30	$4,455
Nov 2003	0	672	28.80	4.60	$3,088
Oct 2003	0	761	28.17	4.76	$3,622
Sep 2003	0	779	26.31	4.75	$3,700
Aug 2003	0	886	29.76	5.13	$4,545
Jul 2003	0	978	29.41	5.17	$5,057
Jun 2003	0	1,118	28.56	5.98	$6,689
May 2003	0	1,254	26.59	5.97	$7,490
Apr 2003	0	1,341	26.67	5.41	$7,251
Mar 2003	0	1,285	31.14	6.10	$7,833
Feb 2003	0	1,179	33.48	7.93	$9,345
Jan 2003	0	937	30.31	5.58	$5,230
Dec 2002	0	291	26.91	4.85	$1,412
Nov 2002	0	546	24.66	4.14	$2,259
Oct 2002	0	353	26.46	4.23	$1,493
Sep 2002	0	51	27.44	3.64	$185
Aug 2002	0	95	25.96	3.16	$301
Jul 2002	0	106	24.58	3.06	$325
Jun 2002	0	171	23.73	3.34	$571
May 2002	0	190	24.66	3.58	$681
Apr 2002	0	227	23.65	3.51	$797
Mar 2002	0	245	22.00	3.10	$760
Feb 2002	0	118	18.22	2.38	$280
Jan 2002	0	171	17.17	2.38	$406
Dec 2001	0	186	16.93	2.36	$440
Nov 2001	0	233	18.07	2.41	$560
Oct 2001	0	275	19.78	2.53	$695
Sep 2001	0	192	24.26	2.25	$432
Aug 2001	0	323	24.87	3.05	$986
Jul 2001	0	290	23.93	3.20	$927
Jun 2001	0	512	24.56	3.82	$1,958
May 2001	0	894	25.52	4.31	$3,851
Apr 2001	0	1,068	24.68	5.34	$5,698
Mar 2001	0	903	24.54	5.38	$4,855
Feb 2001	0	456	27.75	5.77	$2,630
Jan 2001	0	1,580	27.47	8.40	$13,270
Dec 2000	0	1,588	26.88	9.12	$14,487
Nov 2000	0	1,711	32.21	5.66	$9,681
Oct 2000	0	2,207	31.23	5.15	$11,356
Sep 2000	0	1,988	31.87	5.19	$10,311
Aug 2000	0	2,369	29.64	4.54	$10,757
Jul 2000	0	2,520	28.53	4.09	$10,306
Jun 2000	0	1,852	29.30	4.40	$8,144
May 2000	8	953	27.26	3.68	$3,725
Apr 2000	0	1,760	24.51	3.12	$5,484
Mar 2000	0	495	28.42	2.86	$1,416
Feb 2000	0	416	27.62	2.73	$1,134
Jan 2000	0	491	25.27	2.48	$1,218
Dec 1999	0	463	24.28	2.42	$1,122
Nov 1999	0	390	23.19	2.43	$949
Oct 1999	0	522	20.98	2.80	$1,464
Sep 1999	0	173	21.75	2.62	$453
Aug 1999	0	199	19.26	2.88	$572
Jul 1999	0	840	17.89	2.37	$1,993
Jun 1999	0	282	15.94	2.36	$666
May 1999	0	350	15.79	2.32	$812
Apr 1999	0	1,107	15.10	2.21	$2,444
Mar 1999	145	1,371	12.47	1.84	$4,329
Feb 1999	0	2,429	9.98	1.82	$4,415
Jan 1999	0	926	10.38	1.90	$1,759
Dec 1998	0	1,216	9.20	1.77	$2,156
Nov 1998	0	1,952	10.89	2.19	$4,267
Oct 1998	0	2,174	12.42	1.97	$4,281
Sep 1998	0	1,212	12.59	2.08	$2,524
Aug 1998	0	1,996	11.30	1.91	$3,807
Jul 1998	0	2,184	11.74	2.24	$4,886
Jun 1998	0	1,943	11.24	2.24	$4,347
May 1998	0	430	12.62	2.21	$949
Apr 1998	0	1,180	13.04	2.51	$2,956
Mar 1998	0	3,512	12.80	2.31	$8,111
Feb 1998	0	353	13.95	2.30	$812
Jan 1998	0	1,105	14.70	2.15	$2,381
Dec 1997	0	2,842	16.32	2.41	$6,852
Nov 1997	0	3,088	18.19	3.09	$9,537
Oct 1997	0	2,103	19.25	3.15	$6,624
Sep 1997	0	677	17.74	2.95	$2,000
Aug 1997	0	3,940	17.86	2.55	$10,066
Jul 1997	0	3,703	17.58	2.25	$8,320
Jun 1997	0	2,100	17.24	2.26	$4,740
May 1997	0	322	18.97	2.31	$743
Apr 1997	0	1,391	17.88	2.08	$2,897
Mar 1997	0	3,723	18.95	1.94	$7,219
Feb 1997	0	723	20.49	2.21	$1,595
Jan 1997	0	2,861	23.48	3.54	$10,127
Dec 1996	0	3,015	23.32	—	$0
Nov 1996	159	4,451	21.97	—	$3,493
Oct 1996	0	6,781	23.31	—	$0
Sep 1996	0	7,267	22.22	—	$0
Aug 1996	0	10,042	20.26	—	$0
Jul 1996	0	7,833	19.55	—	$0
Jun 1996	0	9,969	18.73	—	$0
May 1996	0	4,426	19.43	—	$0
Apr 1996	0	0	21.51	—	$0
Mar 1996	0	0	19.38	—	$0
Feb 1996	0	0	16.98	—	$0
Jan 1996	0	0	17.07	—	$0
Dec 1995	0	0	17.19	—	$0
Nov 1995	0	0	16.00	—	$0
Oct 1995	0	0	15.43	—	$0
Sep 1995	0	0	16.18	—	$0
Aug 1995	0	0	15.92	—	$0
Jul 1995	0	0	15.24	—	$0
Jun 1995	0	0	16.41	—	$0
May 1995	0	0	17.56	—	$0
Apr 1995	0	0	17.73	—	$0
Mar 1995	0	0	16.44	—	$0
Feb 1995	0	0	16.58	—	$0
Jan 1995	0	0	15.92	—	$0
Dec 1994	0	0	15.03	—	$0
Nov 1994	0	0	15.90	—	$0
Oct 1994	0	0	15.58	—	$0
Sep 1994	0	0	15.29	—	$0
Aug 1994	0	0	16.13	—	$0
Jul 1994	0	0	17.56	—	$0
Jun 1994	0	0	17.09	—	$0
May 1994	0	0	15.88	—	$0
Apr 1994	0	0	14.14	—	$0
Mar 1994	0	0	12.46	—	$0
Feb 1994	0	0	12.50	—	$0
Jan 1994	0	0	12.66	—	$0
Dec 1993	0	0	12.33	—	$0
Nov 1993	0	0	14.49	—	$0
Oct 1993	0	0	15.85	—	$0
Sep 1993	0	0	15.03	—	$0
Aug 1993	0	0	15.66	—	$0
Jul 1993	0	0	15.46	—	$0
Jun 1993	0	0	16.79	—	$0
May 1993	0	0	17.68	—	$0
Apr 1993	0	0	18.05	—	$0
Mar 1993	0	0	18.14	—	$0
Feb 1993	0	0	17.90	—	$0
Jan 1993	0	0	16.93	—	$0

How to read this page

The arithmetic is one multiplication per stream per month. Here it is, worked, on a real row from the table above.

Nov 2019 — as filed, then multipliedworked

Condensate             0 bbl  × $ 55.30 =         $0
Gas                    1 Mcf  × $  2.75 =         $3

────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Month total                                       $3

The volumes are the state's, unchanged

Every barrel and every Mcf on this page is a number the Railroad Commission of Texas published in its monthly production query. Nothing is modelled, estimated or filled in.

The dollars are a multiplication, not a valuation

Volume × a published monthly price. It is not what the operator was paid: it takes no account of a contract, a differential, a transportation deduction, or the share any one owner holds.

Oil and gas are priced differently

Oil is a Texas realisation — the crude oil first purchase price. Gas is a benchmark, because no free Texas wellhead gas series exists at any date. The prices page publishes the difference rather than correcting it away.

A lease is not a well

The state reports oil on lease and gas on well, and this page is the lease grain. 09/G/34288 is the state's own key, not one this site invented.