PRICE ET AL "D"

Name: PRICE ET AL "D" lease production and value, Dec 1998 onwards
Creator: Railroad Commission of Texas
License: https://www.rrc.texas.gov/site-policies/

Operated by PANTERA ENERGY COMPANY (P-5 638486) in the TEXAS HUGOTON field. Every figure below is a volume the Railroad Commission published, multiplied by a monthly price you can check.

Gas lease lease 172206District 10Field 89120001CondensateGasSave Export

Value, all time

$3.6 M

Dec 1998 – May 2026

Value, last 12 filed months

$49 k

at the published price for each month

Months reported

330

no gaps in the span

Streams

condensate, gas

The TEXAS HUGOTON field

The Railroad Commission's own record for the field this lease produces from, including the spacing rule that governs how close together its wells may be drilled.

These are facts about the field, not about this lease. The field holds 1,719 leases and 1,719 wells, and the rule below applies to all of them.

Discovered

1945-06-25

as the register files it

Field class

Gas

the register's own label

Between wells

2,500 ft

minimum

From a lease line

1,250 ft

minimum

A drilling unit in this field needs at least 40 acres. The field rule took effect on 1996-02-01.

The Commission's schedule remark for this field reads: “OPTIONS.”

What this lease produced, and what it was worth

Oil and condensate are valued on the volume the state records as disposed of; gas and casinghead gas on the volume produced. They are different columns of different files, and the difference is not cosmetic.

Stream	Basis	Volume	Value
Condensate	Disposition	8 bbl	$752
Gas	Production	793,647 Mcf	$3,611,173
Total			$3,611,925

Wells on this lease (1)

Every wellbore the Railroad Commission records against this lease key, with the depth, the last completion and the plug date exactly as filed. A well with no plug date is not stated to be producing — the state files no such flag.

These wells centre on 36.2449, -101.8868. A lease has no coordinate of its own — that point is the mean of its wells, and they span 0.0 miles.

36.24491, -101.88684 · centre of the wells drawn, derived⌘ or Ctrl + scroll to zoom

What these wells add up to

Every figure below is counted over all of this lease's wells, not over the rows listed above. The Railroad Commission files two facts about a well's state — a plug date and a proration-schedule flag — and a well can carry both, so they are published as separate counts and never merged into a status.

On the schedule

0.0%

0 of 1 wells

With a plug date

0.0%

0 of 1 wells

Median depth

3,250 ft

1 wells filed one

Completion to plug

—

no well filed both dates

What the state filed about each well

On the RRC proration schedule

00.0%

A plug date is filed

00.0%

BothOn the schedule and plugged. Neither fact cancels the other.

00.0%

NeitherNo plug date, and not on the schedule.

1100.0%

A plug date is the date the Commission recorded the wellbore as sealed with cement and abandoned. It is the only end-of-life fact Texas files. There is no "active" flag on a well, so this page does not print one — a well with no plug date is not stated to be producing.

How deep they were drilled

The one well that filed a depth was drilled to 3,250 ft.

Completions filed

Dec 1998

1 of 1 wells

1 well


42-42130689	D 43	3,250 ft	Dec 1998	—	—

The API number is the state's, prefixed 42 for Texas. A well is matched to this lease by the lease key the Commission files on the wellbore record, so a well that has moved between leases appears under each one it was filed against.

Every month this lease reported (330)

Volume × price = value, one row per cycle. The price columns are the same series published on the prices page — nothing here is modelled.

330 months


May 2026	0	1,463	106.41	3.05	$4,456
Apr 2026	0	1,305	98.93	2.87	$3,745
Mar 2026	0	1,620	89.75	3.15	$5,102
Feb 2026	0	988	63.50	3.75	$3,705
Jan 2026	0	1,483	59.13	8.00	$11,861
Dec 2025	0	1,271	56.66	4.41	$5,609
Nov 2025	0	764	58.59	3.93	$3,000
Oct 2025	0	0	59.38	3.30	$0
Sep 2025	0	197	62.74	3.08	$606
Aug 2025	0	515	63.93	3.01	$1,553
Jul 2025	0	1,460	66.74	3.32	$4,840
Jun 2025	0	1,415	66.48	3.13	$4,427
May 2025	0	1,625	60.55	3.23	$5,253
Apr 2025	0	1,513	62.36	3.54	$5,361
Mar 2025	0	1,482	67.70	4.27	$6,326
Feb 2025	0	1,589	70.88	4.34	$6,898
Jan 2025	0	1,479	74.32	4.28	$6,328
Dec 2024	0	1,595	68.99	3.12	$4,979
Nov 2024	0	1,252	69.05	2.20	$2,752
Oct 2024	0	495	71.37	2.28	$1,129
Sep 2024	0	1,329	69.61	2.36	$3,142
Aug 2024	0	1,220	75.63	2.06	$2,518
Jul 2024	0	1,704	79.93	2.15	$3,658
Jun 2024	0	942	78.08	2.63	$2,481
May 2024	0	1,389	78.81	2.20	$3,054
Apr 2024	0	1,466	84.45	1.66	$2,432
Mar 2024	0	1,599	80.30	1.55	$2,471
Feb 2024	0	1,576	76.09	1.78	$2,811
Jan 2024	0	1,599	73.02	3.30	$5,273
Dec 2023	0	1,672	71.26	2.61	$4,365
Nov 2023	0	1,643	77.89	2.81	$4,613
Oct 2023	0	1,768	85.44	3.09	$5,458
Sep 2023	0	952	89.04	2.74	$2,604
Aug 2023	0	1,644	80.52	2.67	$4,394
Jul 2023	0	1,598	74.85	2.64	$4,222
Jun 2023	0	1,581	68.96	2.26	$3,571
May 2023	0	1,705	70.62	2.23	$3,798
Apr 2023	0	1,718	78.12	2.24	$3,844
Mar 2023	0	1,601	72.85	2.39	$3,831
Feb 2023	0	1,200	75.11	2.47	$2,959
Jan 2023	0	1,395	76.53	3.39	$4,726
Dec 2022	0	1,195	76.41	5.73	$6,846
Nov 2022	0	1,569	85.00	5.65	$8,859
Oct 2022	0	947	87.18	5.86	$5,553
Sep 2022	0	1,176	84.88	8.16	$9,600
Aug 2022	0	1,647	94.52	9.13	$15,032
Jul 2022	0	1,392	101.58	7.54	$10,499
Jun 2022	0	887	115.09	7.98	$7,076
May 2022	0	889	109.37	8.43	$7,497
Apr 2022	0	1,530	104.22	6.84	$10,462
Mar 2022	0	1,730	108.88	5.08	$8,782
Feb 2022	0	1,463	91.05	4.86	$7,108
Jan 2022	0	1,762	81.84	4.54	$7,995
Dec 2021	0	1,759	71.32	3.90	$6,859
Nov 2021	0	1,780	77.43	5.24	$9,322
Oct 2021	0	1,142	79.79	5.71	$6,525
Sep 2021	0	1,704	69.86	5.35	$9,118
Aug 2021	0	1,126	66.02	4.22	$4,752
Jul 2021	0	1,488	70.78	3.98	$5,925
Jun 2021	0	1,430	69.49	3.38	$4,834
May 2021	0	1,651	63.48	3.02	$4,982
Apr 2021	0	1,558	60.36	2.76	$4,298
Mar 2021	0	1,771	61.30	2.72	$4,812
Feb 2021	0	1,615	57.80	5.55	$8,960
Jan 2021	0	1,678	50.41	2.81	$4,716
Dec 2020	0	1,650	44.64	2.68	$4,415
Nov 2020	0	1,847	38.77	2.71	$4,999
Oct 2020	0	1,792	36.97	2.48	$4,441
Sep 2020	0	1,998	37.09	1.99	$3,978
Aug 2020	0	1,136	39.98	2.39	$2,709
Jul 2020	0	1,807	38.37	1.83	$3,298
Jun 2020	0	1,765	34.90	1.69	$2,983
May 2020	0	1,805	16.92	1.81	$3,276
Apr 2020	0	1,772	14.75	1.80	$3,197
Mar 2020	0	1,683	30.34	1.86	$3,124
Feb 2020	0	1,819	49.88	1.98	$3,603
Jan 2020	0	1,926	57.25	2.09	$4,034
Dec 2019	0	1,928	59.01	2.30	$4,443
Nov 2019	0	1,604	55.30	2.75	$4,412
Oct 2019	0	1,504	53.47	2.42	$3,637
Sep 2019	0	1,650	55.05	2.66	$4,385
Aug 2019	0	1,839	53.11	2.30	$4,238
Jul 2019	0	1,723	56.27	2.46	$4,239
Jun 2019	0	1,694	52.78	2.49	$4,220
May 2019	0	1,632	58.48	2.74	$4,472
Apr 2019	0	1,360	62.63	2.75	$3,741
Mar 2019	0	866	56.80	3.06	$2,652
Feb 2019	0	246	50.85	2.79	$687
Jan 2019	0	902	46.03	3.23	$2,912
Dec 2018	0	9	46.59	4.19	$38
Nov 2018	0	539	52.93	4.24	$2,284
Oct 2018	0	1,241	61.44	3.40	$4,217
Sep 2018	0	652	59.54	3.11	$2,026
Aug 2018	0	744	59.40	3.07	$2,282
Jul 2018	0	1,029	65.14	2.93	$3,017
Jun 2018	0	399	60.18	3.08	$1,228
May 2018	0	624	65.38	2.90	$1,810
Apr 2018	0	1,063	63.84	2.90	$3,084
Mar 2018	0	0	61.22	2.79	$0
Feb 2018	0	1,184	61.78	2.77	$3,275
Jan 2018	0	1,177	62.87	4.01	$4,719
Dec 2017	0	1,315	57.27	2.92	$3,842
Nov 2017	0	997	55.42	3.12	$3,109
Oct 2017	0	901	49.29	2.98	$2,688
Sep 2017	0	657	47.52	3.09	$2,028
Aug 2017	0	1,413	45.37	3.00	$4,245
Jul 2017	0	1,788	43.87	3.09	$5,520
Jun 2017	0	1,051	42.49	3.09	$3,245
May 2017	0	1,658	45.37	3.26	$5,411
Apr 2017	0	1,652	47.93	3.21	$5,306
Mar 2017	0	1,712	46.77	2.98	$5,108
Feb 2017	0	1,492	50.45	2.95	$4,405
Jan 2017	0	1,779	49.41	3.42	$6,082
Dec 2016	0	1,973	48.76	3.72	$7,345
Nov 2016	0	2,095	42.49	2.64	$5,540
Oct 2016	0	2,151	46.19	3.09	$6,647
Sep 2016	0	2,116	41.55	3.10	$6,561
Aug 2016	0	2,220	41.44	2.92	$6,492
Jul 2016	0	2,230	41.62	2.92	$6,521
Jun 2016	0	2,172	45.35	2.69	$5,834
May 2016	0	2,475	42.52	1.99	$4,928
Apr 2016	0	2,314	36.56	1.99	$4,607
Mar 2016	0	2,454	33.01	1.79	$4,403
Feb 2016	0	2,272	26.47	2.06	$4,689
Jan 2016	0	2,391	27.35	2.36	$5,653
Dec 2015	0	2,118	32.36	2.00	$4,239
Nov 2015	0	1,967	38.79	2.17	$4,263
Oct 2015	0	2,093	43.55	2.43	$5,079
Sep 2015	0	1,928	42.99	2.76	$5,318
Aug 2015	0	1,676	40.16	2.87	$4,814
Jul 2015	0	1,817	48.15	2.95	$5,351
Jun 2015	0	1,859	56.15	2.88	$5,359
May 2015	0	1,934	55.21	2.96	$5,716
Apr 2015	0	2,031	49.82	2.71	$5,497
Mar 2015	0	2,239	42.89	2.93	$6,571
Feb 2015	0	1,484	44.66	2.98	$4,417
Jan 2015	0	1,499	43.43	3.10	$4,648
Dec 2014	0	1,939	54.69	3.59	$6,964
Nov 2014	0	2,002	70.46	4.25	$8,512
Oct 2014	0	2,034	78.30	3.90	$7,935
Sep 2014	0	2,049	86.16	4.05	$8,289
Aug 2014	2	2,103	89.39	4.04	$8,665
Jul 2014	0	2,084	96.56	4.18	$8,710
Jun 2014	0	2,023	98.16	4.74	$9,583
May 2014	0	2,098	94.73	4.73	$9,916
Apr 2014	0	2,128	95.94	4.81	$10,234
Mar 2014	0	2,243	95.89	5.06	$11,342
Feb 2014	2	2,075	97.40	6.19	$13,043
Jan 2014	0	2,116	90.40	4.86	$10,285
Dec 2013	0	2,259	91.82	4.35	$9,837
Nov 2013	0	2,207	88.85	3.74	$8,250
Oct 2013	0	2,317	97.42	3.78	$8,757
Sep 2013	0	1,769	104.11	3.72	$6,577
Aug 2013	0	2,205	104.25	3.52	$7,767
Jul 2013	0	2,160	102.52	3.72	$8,030
Jun 2013	2	2,161	94.40	3.93	$8,689
May 2013	2	2,288	94.83	4.15	$9,683
Apr 2013	0	1,924	93.96	4.28	$8,240
Mar 2013	0	2,155	93.62	3.91	$8,432
Feb 2013	0	2,102	91.23	3.42	$7,189
Jan 2013	0	2,362	91.60	3.42	$8,078
Dec 2012	0	2,300	86.77	3.42	$7,866
Nov 2012	0	2,187	86.95	3.62	$7,928
Oct 2012	0	2,255	89.38	3.40	$7,666
Sep 2012	0	2,103	94.67	2.92	$6,137
Aug 2012	0	2,131	92.66	2.91	$6,197
Jul 2012	0	2,173	85.13	3.02	$6,564
Jun 2012	0	2,223	79.82	2.52	$5,600
May 2012	0	2,359	91.61	2.49	$5,870
Apr 2012	0	2,231	101.65	2.00	$4,455
Mar 2012	0	2,129	105.05	2.22	$4,731
Feb 2012	0	1,945	101.10	2.57	$4,999
Jan 2012	0	2,290	98.09	2.73	$6,261
Dec 2011	0	3,405	96.87	3.24	$11,031
Nov 2011	0	2,283	95.72	3.31	$7,560
Oct 2011	0	2,370	84.98	3.65	$8,647
Sep 2011	0	2,764	83.62	3.99	$11,017
Aug 2011	0	1,907	83.40	4.15	$7,913
Jul 2011	0	2,091	94.14	4.52	$9,446
Jun 2011	0	2,239	92.90	4.64	$10,389
May 2011	0	2,221	98.13	4.40	$9,783
Apr 2011	0	2,362	105.96	4.33	$10,235
Mar 2011	0	2,669	96.36	4.06	$10,829
Feb 2011	0	1,862	85.64	4.18	$7,783
Jan 2011	0	2,204	86.50	4.59	$10,114
Dec 2010	0	2,573	85.73	4.35	$11,187
Nov 2010	0	2,051	80.84	3.80	$7,784
Oct 2010	0	2,439	78.10	3.51	$8,558
Sep 2010	0	2,320	72.63	3.98	$9,232
Aug 2010	0	2,077	73.68	4.42	$9,179
Jul 2010	0	2,237	72.55	4.74	$10,596
Jun 2010	0	2,363	70.36	4.91	$11,603
May 2010	0	2,551	71.12	4.24	$10,804
Apr 2010	0	1,850	81.69	4.12	$7,627
Mar 2010	0	2,631	78.39	4.39	$11,547
Feb 2010	0	2,372	73.58	5.44	$12,909
Jan 2010	0	2,572	74.36	5.96	$15,340
Dec 2009	0	2,737	71.44	5.48	$15,009
Nov 2009	0	2,611	74.59	3.75	$9,795
Oct 2009	0	2,749	72.54	4.11	$11,299
Sep 2009	0	2,485	65.54	3.06	$7,616
Aug 2009	0	2,304	67.42	3.22	$7,415
Jul 2009	0	2,407	61.13	3.46	$8,339
Jun 2009	0	2,626	66.16	3.90	$10,228
May 2009	0	2,591	54.74	3.93	$10,172
Apr 2009	0	1,764	46.77	3.59	$6,328
Mar 2009	0	2,610	42.14	4.06	$10,594
Feb 2009	0	2,459	32.81	4.63	$11,393
Jan 2009	0	2,662	35.86	5.37	$14,298
Dec 2008	0	2,622	37.10	5.98	$15,672
Nov 2008	0	2,520	55.49	6.86	$17,288
Oct 2008	0	2,720	75.24	6.92	$18,828
Sep 2008	0	2,621	101.76	7.88	$20,646
Aug 2008	0	2,766	114.22	8.48	$23,464
Jul 2008	0	2,696	131.08	11.39	$30,706
Jun 2008	0	2,548	131.33	13.03	$33,207
May 2008	0	2,694	123.17	11.57	$31,181
Apr 2008	0	2,788	110.31	10.45	$29,148
Mar 2008	0	2,709	101.90	9.66	$26,180
Feb 2008	0	2,850	92.53	8.77	$24,996
Jan 2008	0	3,080	90.38	8.21	$25,274
Dec 2007	0	3,094	88.33	7.30	$22,592
Nov 2007	0	2,754	91.67	7.29	$20,081
Oct 2007	0	2,965	82.85	6.92	$20,524
Sep 2007	0	3,016	75.84	6.24	$18,832
Aug 2007	0	2,930	69.06	6.39	$18,717
Jul 2007	0	2,249	70.90	6.39	$14,366
Jun 2007	0	2,869	62.00	7.55	$21,657
May 2007	0	3,039	58.74	7.85	$23,845
Apr 2007	0	3,075	59.61	7.81	$24,001
Mar 2007	0	3,208	56.92	7.30	$23,425
Feb 2007	0	3,014	55.10	8.22	$24,763
Jan 2007	0	2,912	50.30	6.73	$19,589
Dec 2006	0	2,301	56.65	6.92	$15,919
Nov 2006	0	3,226	54.20	7.62	$24,574
Oct 2006	0	3,169	54.90	6.01	$19,058
Sep 2006	0	2,637	60.08	5.04	$13,283
Aug 2006	0	3,015	68.71	7.34	$22,130
Jul 2006	0	2,983	69.37	6.34	$18,920
Jun 2006	0	2,800	66.28	6.38	$17,875
May 2006	0	2,856	66.01	6.42	$18,350
Apr 2006	0	3,020	64.39	7.36	$22,229
Mar 2006	0	3,178	56.70	7.08	$22,510
Feb 2006	0	2,750	57.59	7.75	$21,316
Jan 2006	0	3,203	60.59	8.93	$28,613
Dec 2005	0	3,387	54.94	13.42	$45,438
Nov 2005	0	3,177	54.69	10.59	$33,639
Oct 2005	0	3,226	58.34	13.80	$44,505
Sep 2005	0	2,751	61.45	12.08	$33,229
Aug 2005	0	3,140	61.51	9.80	$30,762
Jul 2005	0	3,200	55.69	7.84	$25,100
Jun 2005	0	3,375	52.33	7.38	$24,911
May 2005	0	2,747	45.22	6.65	$18,271
Apr 2005	0	3,457	49.20	7.36	$25,445
Mar 2005	0	3,475	50.37	7.15	$24,863
Feb 2005	0	3,232	45.22	6.31	$20,400
Jan 2005	0	3,578	43.16	6.32	$22,621
Dec 2004	0	3,247	39.86	6.75	$21,921
Nov 2004	0	3,376	45.28	6.33	$21,372
Oct 2004	0	3,244	49.70	6.52	$21,135
Sep 2004	0	3,166	43.24	5.28	$16,729
Aug 2004	0	3,358	42.37	5.55	$18,639
Jul 2004	0	3,063	38.28	6.08	$18,636
Jun 2004	0	3,209	36.10	6.43	$20,644
May 2004	0	3,240	37.48	6.49	$21,042
Apr 2004	0	3,427	34.47	5.86	$20,077
Mar 2004	0	3,434	34.36	5.53	$18,991
Feb 2004	0	3,307	32.45	5.51	$18,220
Jan 2004	0	3,491	32.03	6.30	$21,992
Dec 2003	0	3,615	30.26	6.30	$22,780
Nov 2003	0	3,483	28.80	4.60	$16,005
Oct 2003	0	3,492	28.17	4.76	$16,621
Sep 2003	0	3,236	26.31	4.75	$15,369
Aug 2003	0	3,436	29.76	5.13	$17,626
Jul 2003	0	3,435	29.41	5.17	$17,762
Jun 2003	0	2,963	28.56	5.98	$17,728
May 2003	0	3,404	26.59	5.97	$20,331
Apr 2003	0	3,402	26.67	5.41	$18,396
Mar 2003	0	3,843	31.14	6.10	$23,427
Feb 2003	0	3,118	33.48	7.93	$24,713
Jan 2003	0	3,840	30.31	5.58	$21,435
Dec 2002	0	3,903	26.91	4.85	$18,944
Nov 2002	0	3,732	24.66	4.14	$15,439
Oct 2002	0	3,791	26.46	4.23	$16,033
Sep 2002	0	3,094	27.44	3.64	$11,247
Aug 2002	0	3,652	25.96	3.16	$11,556
Jul 2002	0	3,699	24.58	3.06	$11,325
Jun 2002	0	3,506	23.73	3.34	$11,704
May 2002	0	3,627	24.66	3.58	$12,999
Apr 2002	0	3,371	23.65	3.51	$11,840
Mar 2002	0	3,835	22.00	3.10	$11,899
Feb 2002	0	3,591	18.22	2.38	$8,531
Jan 2002	0	4,008	17.17	2.38	$9,522
Dec 2001	0	4,029	16.93	2.36	$9,526
Nov 2001	0	3,744	18.07	2.41	$9,006
Oct 2001	0	3,751	19.78	2.53	$9,486
Sep 2001	0	3,780	24.26	2.25	$8,510
Aug 2001	0	3,842	24.87	3.05	$11,730
Jul 2001	0	4,154	23.93	3.20	$13,281
Jun 2001	0	3,279	24.56	3.82	$12,539
May 2001	0	3,335	25.52	4.31	$14,365
Apr 2001	0	3,719	24.68	5.34	$19,842
Mar 2001	0	3,863	24.54	5.38	$20,769
Feb 2001	0	3,787	27.75	5.77	$21,840
Jan 2001	0	4,126	27.47	8.40	$34,653
Dec 2000	0	4,219	26.88	9.12	$38,488
Nov 2000	0	3,935	32.21	5.66	$22,264
Oct 2000	0	4,098	31.23	5.15	$21,086
Sep 2000	0	4,051	31.87	5.19	$21,011
Aug 2000	0	3,824	29.64	4.54	$17,364
Jul 2000	0	3,987	28.53	4.09	$16,306
Jun 2000	0	4,002	29.30	4.40	$17,598
May 2000	0	4,136	27.26	3.68	$15,219
Apr 2000	0	4,063	24.51	3.12	$12,660
Mar 2000	0	4,351	28.42	2.86	$12,443
Feb 2000	0	3,963	27.62	2.73	$10,805
Jan 2000	0	4,402	25.27	2.48	$10,919
Dec 1999	0	5,176	24.28	2.42	$12,545
Nov 1999	0	4,106	23.19	2.43	$9,994
Oct 1999	0	4,770	20.98	2.80	$13,374
Sep 1999	0	4,451	21.75	2.62	$11,657
Aug 1999	0	5,080	19.26	2.88	$14,608
Jul 1999	0	4,846	17.89	2.37	$11,497
Jun 1999	0	5,028	15.94	2.36	$11,877
May 1999	0	4,790	15.79	2.32	$11,118
Apr 1999	0	4,987	15.10	2.21	$11,012
Mar 1999	0	5,642	12.47	1.84	$10,372
Feb 1999	0	5,837	9.98	1.82	$10,610
Jan 1999	0	7,082	10.38	1.90	$13,455
Dec 1998	0	5,372	9.20	1.77	$9,526

How to read this page

The arithmetic is one multiplication per stream per month. Here it is, worked, on a real row from the table above.

May 2026 — as filed, then multipliedworked

Condensate             0 bbl  × $106.41 =         $0
Gas                1,463 Mcf  × $  3.05 =     $4,456

────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Month total                                   $4,456

The volumes are the state's, unchanged

Every barrel and every Mcf on this page is a number the Railroad Commission of Texas published in its monthly production query. Nothing is modelled, estimated or filled in.

The dollars are a multiplication, not a valuation

Volume × a published monthly price. It is not what the operator was paid: it takes no account of a contract, a differential, a transportation deduction, or the share any one owner holds.

Oil and gas are priced differently

Oil is a Texas realisation — the crude oil first purchase price. Gas is a benchmark, because no free Texas wellhead gas series exists at any date. The prices page publishes the difference rather than correcting it away.

A lease is not a well

The state reports oil on lease and gas on well, and this page is the lease grain. 10/G/172206 is the state's own key, not one this site invented.