PIERCE, V. I.

Name: PIERCE, V. I. lease production and value, Jan 1993 onwards
Creator: Railroad Commission of Texas
License: https://www.rrc.texas.gov/site-policies/

Operated by TOC ENERGY RESOURCES, LLC (P-5 860965) in the OZONA (CANYON SAND) field. Every figure below is a volume the Railroad Commission published, multiplied by a monthly price you can check.

Gas lease lease 131403District 7CField 67995200CondensateGasSave Export

Value, all time

$551 k

Jan 1993 – Apr 2023

Value, last 12 filed months

$291

at the published price for each month

Months reported

364

no gaps in the span

Streams

condensate, gas

The OZONA (CANYON SAND) field

The Railroad Commission's own record for the field this lease produces from, including the spacing rule that governs how close together its wells may be drilled.

These are facts about the field, not about this lease. The field holds 2,312 leases and 2,323 wells, and the rule below applies to all of them.

Discovered

1962-02-23

as the register files it

Field class

Oil and gas

the register's own label

Between wells

600 ft

minimum

From a lease line

660 ft

minimum

A drilling unit in this field needs at least 40 acres. The field rule took effect on 2006-09-12.

The Commission's schedule remark for this field reads: “ZONE TO BE SET UP IN OZONA (CANYON SAND, OIL).”

What this lease produced, and what it was worth

Oil and condensate are valued on the volume the state records as disposed of; gas and casinghead gas on the volume produced. They are different columns of different files, and the difference is not cosmetic.

Stream	Basis	Volume	Value
Condensate	Disposition	52 bbl	$1,112
Gas	Production	178,030 Mcf	$549,949
Total			$551,061

45,234 Mcf of this lease's gas, across 48 months, carries no value here. No free Texas wellhead gas price exists before 1997, so those months are left out of the total rather than valued at zero. The total above is therefore a floor, not an estimate.

Wells on this lease (1)

Every wellbore the Railroad Commission records against this lease key, with the depth, the last completion and the plug date exactly as filed. A well with no plug date is not stated to be producing — the state files no such flag.

These wells centre on 30.4615, -101.3654. A lease has no coordinate of its own — that point is the mean of its wells, and they span 0.0 miles.

30.46147, -101.36537 · centre of the wells drawn, derived⌘ or Ctrl + scroll to zoom

What these wells add up to

Every figure below is counted over all of this lease's wells, not over the rows listed above. The Railroad Commission files two facts about a well's state — a plug date and a proration-schedule flag — and a well can carry both, so they are published as separate counts and never merged into a status.

On the schedule

100.0%

1 of 1 wells

With a plug date

0.0%

0 of 1 wells

Median depth

3,360 ft

1 wells filed one

Completion to plug

—

no well filed both dates

What the state filed about each well

On the RRC proration schedule

1100.0%

A plug date is filed

00.0%

BothOn the schedule and plugged. Neither fact cancels the other.

00.0%

NeitherNo plug date, and not on the schedule.

00.0%

A plug date is the date the Commission recorded the wellbore as sealed with cement and abandoned. It is the only end-of-life fact Texas files. There is no "active" flag on a well, so this page does not print one — a well with no plug date is not stated to be producing.

How deep they were drilled

The one well that filed a depth was drilled to 3,360 ft.

Completions filed

Apr 2023

1 of 1 wells

1 well


42-10531001	24	3,360 ft	Apr 2023	—	Yes

The API number is the state's, prefixed 42 for Texas. A well is matched to this lease by the lease key the Commission files on the wellbore record, so a well that has moved between leases appears under each one it was filed against.

Every month this lease reported (364)

Volume × price = value, one row per cycle. The price columns are the same series published on the prices page — nothing here is modelled.

364 months


Apr 2023	0	0	78.12	2.24	$0
Mar 2023	4	0	72.85	2.39	$291
Feb 2023	0	0	75.11	2.47	$0
Jan 2023	0	0	76.53	3.39	$0
Dec 2022	0	0	76.41	5.73	$0
Nov 2022	0	0	85.00	5.65	$0
Oct 2022	0	0	87.18	5.86	$0
Sep 2022	0	0	84.88	8.16	$0
Aug 2022	0	0	94.52	9.13	$0
Jul 2022	0	0	101.58	7.54	$0
Jun 2022	0	0	115.09	7.98	$0
May 2022	0	0	109.37	8.43	$0
Apr 2022	0	0	104.22	6.84	$0
Mar 2022	0	42	108.88	5.08	$213
Feb 2022	0	18	91.05	4.86	$87
Jan 2022	0	28	81.84	4.54	$127
Dec 2021	0	30	71.32	3.90	$117
Nov 2021	0	27	77.43	5.24	$141
Oct 2021	0	28	79.79	5.71	$160
Sep 2021	0	6	69.86	5.35	$32
Aug 2021	0	4	66.02	4.22	$17
Jul 2021	0	20	70.78	3.98	$80
Jun 2021	0	31	69.49	3.38	$105
May 2021	0	32	63.48	3.02	$97
Apr 2021	0	17	60.36	2.76	$47
Mar 2021	0	18	61.30	2.72	$49
Feb 2021	0	9	57.80	5.55	$50
Jan 2021	0	14	50.41	2.81	$39
Dec 2020	0	37	44.64	2.68	$99
Nov 2020	0	37	38.77	2.71	$100
Oct 2020	0	18	36.97	2.48	$45
Sep 2020	0	42	37.09	1.99	$84
Aug 2020	0	42	39.98	2.39	$100
Jul 2020	0	36	38.37	1.83	$66
Jun 2020	0	13	34.90	1.69	$22
May 2020	0	19	16.92	1.81	$34
Apr 2020	0	3	14.75	1.80	$5
Mar 2020	0	6	30.34	1.86	$11
Feb 2020	0	17	49.88	1.98	$34
Jan 2020	0	12	57.25	2.09	$25
Dec 2019	0	23	59.01	2.30	$53
Nov 2019	0	29	55.30	2.75	$80
Oct 2019	0	21	53.47	2.42	$51
Sep 2019	0	7	55.05	2.66	$19
Aug 2019	0	0	53.11	2.30	$0
Jul 2019	0	0	56.27	2.46	$0
Jun 2019	0	0	52.78	2.49	$0
May 2019	0	2	58.48	2.74	$5
Apr 2019	0	2	62.63	2.75	$6
Mar 2019	0	44	56.80	3.06	$135
Feb 2019	0	23	50.85	2.79	$64
Jan 2019	0	16	46.03	3.23	$52
Dec 2018	0	26	46.59	4.19	$109
Nov 2018	0	15	52.93	4.24	$64
Oct 2018	0	23	61.44	3.40	$78
Sep 2018	0	20	59.54	3.11	$62
Aug 2018	0	24	59.40	3.07	$74
Jul 2018	0	15	65.14	2.93	$44
Jun 2018	0	15	60.18	3.08	$46
May 2018	0	22	65.38	2.90	$64
Apr 2018	0	25	63.84	2.90	$73
Mar 2018	0	19	61.22	2.79	$53
Feb 2018	0	26	61.78	2.77	$72
Jan 2018	0	29	62.87	4.01	$116
Dec 2017	0	20	57.27	2.92	$58
Nov 2017	0	19	55.42	3.12	$59
Oct 2017	0	19	49.29	2.98	$57
Sep 2017	0	19	47.52	3.09	$59
Aug 2017	0	25	45.37	3.00	$75
Jul 2017	0	31	43.87	3.09	$96
Jun 2017	0	29	42.49	3.09	$90
May 2017	0	33	45.37	3.26	$108
Apr 2017	0	29	47.93	3.21	$93
Mar 2017	0	25	46.77	2.98	$75
Feb 2017	0	23	50.45	2.95	$68
Jan 2017	0	28	49.41	3.42	$96
Dec 2016	0	26	48.76	3.72	$97
Nov 2016	0	33	42.49	2.64	$87
Oct 2016	0	27	46.19	3.09	$83
Sep 2016	0	25	41.55	3.10	$78
Aug 2016	0	18	41.44	2.92	$53
Jul 2016	0	37	41.62	2.92	$108
Jun 2016	0	40	45.35	2.69	$107
May 2016	0	45	42.52	1.99	$90
Apr 2016	0	42	36.56	1.99	$84
Mar 2016	0	48	33.01	1.79	$86
Feb 2016	0	60	26.47	2.06	$124
Jan 2016	0	48	27.35	2.36	$113
Dec 2015	0	36	32.36	2.00	$72
Nov 2015	0	35	38.79	2.17	$76
Oct 2015	0	307	43.55	2.43	$745
Sep 2015	0	204	42.99	2.76	$563
Aug 2015	0	166	40.16	2.87	$477
Jul 2015	0	175	48.15	2.95	$515
Jun 2015	0	149	56.15	2.88	$430
May 2015	0	153	55.21	2.96	$452
Apr 2015	0	154	49.82	2.71	$417
Mar 2015	0	194	42.89	2.93	$569
Feb 2015	0	202	44.66	2.98	$601
Jan 2015	0	118	43.43	3.10	$366
Dec 2014	0	324	54.69	3.59	$1,164
Nov 2014	0	159	70.46	4.25	$676
Oct 2014	0	167	78.30	3.90	$651
Sep 2014	0	485	86.16	4.05	$1,962
Aug 2014	0	287	89.39	4.04	$1,158
Jul 2014	0	233	96.56	4.18	$974
Jun 2014	0	153	98.16	4.74	$725
May 2014	0	274	94.73	4.73	$1,295
Apr 2014	0	545	95.94	4.81	$2,621
Mar 2014	0	263	95.89	5.06	$1,330
Feb 2014	0	262	97.40	6.19	$1,622
Jan 2014	0	151	90.40	4.86	$734
Dec 2013	0	12	91.82	4.35	$52
Nov 2013	0	403	88.85	3.74	$1,507
Oct 2013	0	186	97.42	3.78	$703
Sep 2013	0	323	104.11	3.72	$1,201
Aug 2013	0	446	104.25	3.52	$1,571
Jul 2013	0	309	102.52	3.72	$1,149
Jun 2013	0	384	94.40	3.93	$1,510
May 2013	0	399	94.83	4.15	$1,655
Apr 2013	0	529	93.96	4.28	$2,265
Mar 2013	0	654	93.62	3.91	$2,559
Feb 2013	0	309	91.23	3.42	$1,057
Jan 2013	0	307	91.60	3.42	$1,050
Dec 2012	0	460	86.77	3.42	$1,573
Nov 2012	0	422	86.95	3.62	$1,530
Oct 2012	0	183	89.38	3.40	$622
Sep 2012	0	458	94.67	2.92	$1,337
Aug 2012	0	316	92.66	2.91	$919
Jul 2012	0	210	85.13	3.02	$634
Jun 2012	0	136	79.82	2.52	$343
May 2012	0	424	91.61	2.49	$1,055
Apr 2012	0	289	101.65	2.00	$577
Mar 2012	0	463	105.05	2.22	$1,029
Feb 2012	0	194	101.10	2.57	$499
Jan 2012	0	428	98.09	2.73	$1,170
Dec 2011	0	265	96.87	3.24	$859
Nov 2011	0	242	95.72	3.31	$801
Oct 2011	0	280	84.98	3.65	$1,022
Sep 2011	0	250	83.62	3.99	$996
Aug 2011	0	356	83.40	4.15	$1,477
Jul 2011	0	332	94.14	4.52	$1,500
Jun 2011	0	202	92.90	4.64	$937
May 2011	0	226	98.13	4.40	$995
Apr 2011	0	127	105.96	4.33	$550
Mar 2011	0	296	96.36	4.06	$1,201
Feb 2011	0	191	85.64	4.18	$798
Jan 2011	0	273	86.50	4.59	$1,253
Dec 2010	0	244	85.73	4.35	$1,061
Nov 2010	0	250	80.84	3.80	$949
Oct 2010	0	264	78.10	3.51	$926
Sep 2010	0	207	72.63	3.98	$824
Aug 2010	0	155	73.68	4.42	$685
Jul 2010	0	168	72.55	4.74	$796
Jun 2010	0	223	70.36	4.91	$1,095
May 2010	0	282	71.12	4.24	$1,194
Apr 2010	0	259	81.69	4.12	$1,068
Mar 2010	0	312	78.39	4.39	$1,369
Feb 2010	0	205	73.58	5.44	$1,116
Jan 2010	0	197	74.36	5.96	$1,175
Dec 2009	0	239	71.44	5.48	$1,311
Nov 2009	0	273	74.59	3.75	$1,024
Oct 2009	0	221	72.54	4.11	$908
Sep 2009	0	181	65.54	3.06	$555
Aug 2009	0	299	67.42	3.22	$962
Jul 2009	0	299	61.13	3.46	$1,036
Jun 2009	0	48	66.16	3.90	$187
May 2009	0	319	54.74	3.93	$1,252
Apr 2009	0	34	46.77	3.59	$122
Mar 2009	0	352	42.14	4.06	$1,429
Feb 2009	0	287	32.81	4.63	$1,330
Jan 2009	0	320	35.86	5.37	$1,719
Dec 2008	0	301	37.10	5.98	$1,799
Nov 2008	0	281	55.49	6.86	$1,928
Oct 2008	0	252	75.24	6.92	$1,744
Sep 2008	0	304	101.76	7.88	$2,395
Aug 2008	0	343	114.22	8.48	$2,910
Jul 2008	0	280	131.08	11.39	$3,189
Jun 2008	0	267	131.33	13.03	$3,480
May 2008	0	328	123.17	11.57	$3,796
Apr 2008	0	242	110.31	10.45	$2,530
Mar 2008	0	244	101.90	9.66	$2,358
Feb 2008	0	217	92.53	8.77	$1,903
Jan 2008	0	162	90.38	8.21	$1,329
Dec 2007	0	271	88.33	7.30	$1,979
Nov 2007	0	271	91.67	7.29	$1,976
Oct 2007	0	246	82.85	6.92	$1,703
Sep 2007	0	183	75.84	6.24	$1,143
Aug 2007	0	189	69.06	6.39	$1,207
Jul 2007	0	176	70.90	6.39	$1,124
Jun 2007	0	220	62.00	7.55	$1,661
May 2007	0	220	58.74	7.85	$1,726
Apr 2007	0	216	59.61	7.81	$1,686
Mar 2007	0	174	56.92	7.30	$1,271
Feb 2007	0	186	55.10	8.22	$1,528
Jan 2007	0	224	50.30	6.73	$1,507
Dec 2006	0	182	56.65	6.92	$1,259
Nov 2006	0	210	54.20	7.62	$1,600
Oct 2006	0	91	54.90	6.01	$547
Sep 2006	0	105	60.08	5.04	$529
Aug 2006	0	60	68.71	7.34	$440
Jul 2006	0	161	69.37	6.34	$1,021
Jun 2006	0	98	66.28	6.38	$626
May 2006	0	176	66.01	6.42	$1,131
Apr 2006	0	204	64.39	7.36	$1,502
Mar 2006	0	201	56.70	7.08	$1,424
Feb 2006	0	182	57.59	7.75	$1,411
Jan 2006	0	229	60.59	8.93	$2,046
Dec 2005	0	193	54.94	13.42	$2,589
Nov 2005	0	238	54.69	10.59	$2,520
Oct 2005	0	210	58.34	13.80	$2,897
Sep 2005	0	198	61.45	12.08	$2,392
Aug 2005	0	205	61.51	9.80	$2,008
Jul 2005	0	186	55.69	7.84	$1,459
Jun 2005	0	93	52.33	7.38	$686
May 2005	0	126	45.22	6.65	$838
Apr 2005	0	147	49.20	7.36	$1,082
Mar 2005	0	253	50.37	7.15	$1,810
Feb 2005	0	218	45.22	6.31	$1,376
Jan 2005	0	233	43.16	6.32	$1,473
Dec 2004	0	193	39.86	6.75	$1,303
Nov 2004	0	203	45.28	6.33	$1,285
Oct 2004	0	573	49.70	6.52	$3,733
Sep 2004	0	356	43.24	5.28	$1,881
Aug 2004	0	139	42.37	5.55	$772
Jul 2004	0	403	38.28	6.08	$2,452
Jun 2004	0	448	36.10	6.43	$2,882
May 2004	0	630	37.48	6.49	$4,092
Apr 2004	0	578	34.47	5.86	$3,386
Mar 2004	0	641	34.36	5.53	$3,545
Feb 2004	0	581	32.45	5.51	$3,201
Jan 2004	0	729	32.03	6.30	$4,592
Dec 2003	0	676	30.26	6.30	$4,260
Nov 2003	0	393	28.80	4.60	$1,806
Oct 2003	0	140	28.17	4.76	$666
Sep 2003	0	701	26.31	4.75	$3,329
Aug 2003	0	682	29.76	5.13	$3,498
Jul 2003	0	551	29.41	5.17	$2,849
Jun 2003	0	324	28.56	5.98	$1,938
May 2003	0	539	26.59	5.97	$3,219
Apr 2003	0	843	26.67	5.41	$4,558
Mar 2003	0	1,085	31.14	6.10	$6,614
Feb 2003	0	250	33.48	7.93	$1,981
Jan 2003	0	1,109	30.31	5.58	$6,190
Dec 2002	0	1,316	26.91	4.85	$6,388
Nov 2002	0	1,377	24.66	4.14	$5,697
Oct 2002	0	916	26.46	4.23	$3,874
Sep 2002	0	1,122	27.44	3.64	$4,079
Aug 2002	0	1,470	25.96	3.16	$4,651
Jul 2002	0	1,788	24.58	3.06	$5,474
Jun 2002	0	1,201	23.73	3.34	$4,009
May 2002	0	970	24.66	3.58	$3,476
Apr 2002	0	1,197	23.65	3.51	$4,204
Mar 2002	0	1,244	22.00	3.10	$3,860
Feb 2002	0	1,202	18.22	2.38	$2,856
Jan 2002	0	1,618	17.17	2.38	$3,844
Dec 2001	0	1,393	16.93	2.36	$3,294
Nov 2001	0	1,519	18.07	2.41	$3,654
Oct 2001	0	1,451	19.78	2.53	$3,669
Sep 2001	0	1,304	24.26	2.25	$2,936
Aug 2001	0	1,490	24.87	3.05	$4,549
Jul 2001	0	986	23.93	3.20	$3,152
Jun 2001	0	1,855	24.56	3.82	$7,094
May 2001	0	2,111	25.52	4.31	$9,093
Apr 2001	0	2,177	24.68	5.34	$11,615
Mar 2001	0	2,219	24.54	5.38	$11,930
Feb 2001	0	2,138	27.75	5.77	$12,330
Jan 2001	0	2,462	27.47	8.40	$20,678
Dec 2000	0	2,173	26.88	9.12	$19,823
Nov 2000	0	1,914	32.21	5.66	$10,829
Oct 2000	0	1,850	31.23	5.15	$9,519
Sep 2000	0	1,173	31.87	5.19	$6,084
Aug 2000	0	1,291	29.64	4.54	$5,862
Jul 2000	0	1,146	28.53	4.09	$4,687
Jun 2000	0	1,065	29.30	4.40	$4,683
May 2000	0	1,528	27.26	3.68	$5,623
Apr 2000	0	1,357	24.51	3.12	$4,228
Mar 2000	0	1,300	28.42	2.86	$3,718
Feb 2000	0	394	27.62	2.73	$1,074
Jan 2000	0	1,500	25.27	2.48	$3,721
Dec 1999	0	1,484	24.28	2.42	$3,597
Nov 1999	0	630	23.19	2.43	$1,533
Oct 1999	0	794	20.98	2.80	$2,226
Sep 1999	0	697	21.75	2.62	$1,825
Aug 1999	0	919	19.26	2.88	$2,643
Jul 1999	0	1,306	17.89	2.37	$3,098
Jun 1999	0	766	15.94	2.36	$1,809
May 1999	0	841	15.79	2.32	$1,952
Apr 1999	0	1,141	15.10	2.21	$2,519
Mar 1999	0	1,002	12.47	1.84	$1,842
Feb 1999	0	585	9.98	1.82	$1,063
Jan 1999	0	1,004	10.38	1.90	$1,908
Dec 1998	0	598	9.20	1.77	$1,060
Nov 1998	0	798	10.89	2.19	$1,744
Oct 1998	0	779	12.42	1.97	$1,534
Sep 1998	0	845	12.59	2.08	$1,760
Aug 1998	0	900	11.30	1.91	$1,717
Jul 1998	0	917	11.74	2.24	$2,052
Jun 1998	0	785	11.24	2.24	$1,756
May 1998	0	966	12.62	2.21	$2,131
Apr 1998	0	1,077	13.04	2.51	$2,698
Mar 1998	0	1,014	12.80	2.31	$2,342
Feb 1998	0	1,135	13.95	2.30	$2,610
Jan 1998	0	1,152	14.70	2.15	$2,482
Dec 1997	11	915	16.32	2.41	$2,386
Nov 1997	0	862	18.19	3.09	$2,662
Oct 1997	0	540	19.25	3.15	$1,701
Sep 1997	0	990	17.74	2.95	$2,925
Aug 1997	0	963	17.86	2.55	$2,460
Jul 1997	0	973	17.58	2.25	$2,186
Jun 1997	0	1,023	17.24	2.26	$2,309
May 1997	0	1,060	18.97	2.31	$2,447
Apr 1997	0	501	17.88	2.08	$1,043
Mar 1997	0	871	18.95	1.94	$1,689
Feb 1997	0	1,034	20.49	2.21	$2,281
Jan 1997	0	1,050	23.48	3.54	$3,717
Dec 1996	0	1,223	23.32	—	$0
Nov 1996	8	703	21.97	—	$176
Oct 1996	0	720	23.31	—	$0
Sep 1996	0	938	22.22	—	$0
Aug 1996	0	1,130	20.26	—	$0
Jul 1996	0	1,114	19.55	—	$0
Jun 1996	0	1,230	18.73	—	$0
May 1996	0	1,074	19.43	—	$0
Apr 1996	0	1,149	21.51	—	$0
Mar 1996	0	1,335	19.38	—	$0
Feb 1996	0	1,380	16.98	—	$0
Jan 1996	0	1,177	17.07	—	$0
Dec 1995	8	1,316	17.19	—	$138
Nov 1995	0	1,081	16.00	—	$0
Oct 1995	0	1,181	15.43	—	$0
Sep 1995	0	1,080	16.18	—	$0
Aug 1995	0	1,523	15.92	—	$0
Jul 1995	0	1,508	15.24	—	$0
Jun 1995	0	1,843	16.41	—	$0
May 1995	0	1,180	17.56	—	$0
Apr 1995	0	1,288	17.73	—	$0
Mar 1995	0	1,360	16.44	—	$0
Feb 1995	0	1,487	16.58	—	$0
Jan 1995	7	1,466	15.92	—	$111
Dec 1994	7	1,466	15.03	—	$105
Nov 1994	7	1,059	15.90	—	$111
Oct 1994	0	884	15.58	—	$0
Sep 1994	0	467	15.29	—	$0
Aug 1994	0	492	16.13	—	$0
Jul 1994	0	636	17.56	—	$0
Jun 1994	0	619	17.09	—	$0
May 1994	0	708	15.88	—	$0
Apr 1994	0	705	14.14	—	$0
Mar 1994	0	977	12.46	—	$0
Feb 1994	0	785	12.50	—	$0
Jan 1994	0	946	12.66	—	$0
Dec 1993	0	696	12.33	—	$0
Nov 1993	0	696	14.49	—	$0
Oct 1993	0	434	15.85	—	$0
Sep 1993	0	259	15.03	—	$0
Aug 1993	0	259	15.66	—	$0
Jul 1993	0	327	15.46	—	$0
Jun 1993	0	528	16.79	—	$0
May 1993	0	465	17.68	—	$0
Apr 1993	0	521	18.05	—	$0
Mar 1993	0	705	18.14	—	$0
Feb 1993	0	549	17.90	—	$0
Jan 1993	0	565	16.93	—	$0

How to read this page

The arithmetic is one multiplication per stream per month. Here it is, worked, on a real row from the table above.

Mar 2023 — as filed, then multipliedworked

Condensate             4 bbl  × $ 72.85 =       $291
Gas                    0 Mcf  × $  2.39 =         $0

────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Month total                                     $291

The volumes are the state's, unchanged

Every barrel and every Mcf on this page is a number the Railroad Commission of Texas published in its monthly production query. Nothing is modelled, estimated or filled in.

The dollars are a multiplication, not a valuation

Volume × a published monthly price. It is not what the operator was paid: it takes no account of a contract, a differential, a transportation deduction, or the share any one owner holds.

Oil and gas are priced differently

Oil is a Texas realisation — the crude oil first purchase price. Gas is a benchmark, because no free Texas wellhead gas series exists at any date. The prices page publishes the difference rather than correcting it away.

A lease is not a well

The state reports oil on lease and gas on well, and this page is the lease grain. 7C/G/131403 is the state's own key, not one this site invented.