WARD, RIP

Name: WARD, RIP lease production and value, Jul 1993 onwards
Creator: Railroad Commission of Texas
License: https://www.rrc.texas.gov/site-policies/

Operated by OZARK EXPLORATION, INC. (P-5 630611) in the SAWYER (CANYON) field. Every figure below is a volume the Railroad Commission published, multiplied by a monthly price you can check.

Gas lease lease 145970District 7CField 812673332 tax incentive programmesCondensateGasSave Export

Value, all time

$2.1 M

Jul 1993 – Oct 2020

Value, last 12 filed months

$593

at the published price for each month

Months reported

328

no gaps in the span

Streams

condensate, gas

The SAWYER (CANYON) field

The Railroad Commission's own record for the field this lease produces from, including the spacing rule that governs how close together its wells may be drilled.

These are facts about the field, not about this lease. The field holds 6,629 leases and 6,629 wells, and the rule below applies to all of them.

Discovered

1967-07-01

as the register files it

Field class

Gas

the register's own label

Between wells

1,000 ft

minimum

From a lease line

500 ft

minimum

A drilling unit in this field needs at least 40 acres. The field rule took effect on 2003-06-24.

The Commission's schedule remark for this field reads: “FIELD PER ORDER 7C-0234582 6/2403”

Severance-tax incentive filings

Applications the operator filed to have this lease's gas taxed at a reduced state rate. A filing is an application, and this page never calls one a reduction that was granted.

Programme	Filings	With an approval date	Dated	Docket
High Cost Gas	1	1	1994-01-04	129540
NGPA	1	none	—	—

This says nothing about a royalty. A severance tax is charged to the operator. Whether a reduced rate reaches a royalty owner depends on the wording of the lease instrument, which is a private contract this site does not hold.

What this lease produced, and what it was worth

Oil and condensate are valued on the volume the state records as disposed of; gas and casinghead gas on the volume produced. They are different columns of different files, and the difference is not cosmetic.

Stream	Basis	Volume	Value
Condensate	Disposition	595 bbl	$9,907
Gas	Production	1,030,769 Mcf	$2,083,099
Total			$2,093,006

503,492 Mcf of this lease's gas, across 42 months, carries no value here. No free Texas wellhead gas price exists before 1997, so those months are left out of the total rather than valued at zero. The total above is therefore a floor, not an estimate.

Wells on this lease (1)

Every wellbore the Railroad Commission records against this lease key, with the depth, the last completion and the plug date exactly as filed. A well with no plug date is not stated to be producing — the state files no such flag.

These wells centre on 30.5715, -100.6696. A lease has no coordinate of its own — that point is the mean of its wells, and they span 0.0 miles.

30.57150, -100.66962 · centre of the wells drawn, derived⌘ or Ctrl + scroll to zoom

What these wells add up to

Every figure below is counted over all of this lease's wells, not over the rows listed above. The Railroad Commission files two facts about a well's state — a plug date and a proration-schedule flag — and a well can carry both, so they are published as separate counts and never merged into a status.

On the schedule

100.0%

1 of 1 wells

With a plug date

100.0%

1 of 1 wells

Median depth

6,504 ft

1 wells filed one

Completion to plug

26.3 years

median over 1 well

What the state filed about each well

On the RRC proration schedule

1100.0%

A plug date is filed

1100.0%

BothOn the schedule and plugged. Neither fact cancels the other.

1100.0%

NeitherNo plug date, and not on the schedule.

00.0%

A plug date is the date the Commission recorded the wellbore as sealed with cement and abandoned. It is the only end-of-life fact Texas files. There is no "active" flag on a well, so this page does not print one — a well with no plug date is not stated to be producing.

How deep they were drilled

The one well that filed a depth was drilled to 6,504 ft.

Completions filed

Jul 1993

1 of 1 wells

Plug dates filed

Nov 2019

1 of 1 wells

Last completion to plug: a median of 26.3 years across the 1 well that filed both dates, with the middle half between 26.3 years and 26.3 years. The gap is the distance between two filed dates. It is not a statement of how long the well produced.

1 well


42-43533987	5092	6,504 ft	Jul 1993	Nov 2019	Yes

The API number is the state's, prefixed 42 for Texas. A well is matched to this lease by the lease key the Commission files on the wellbore record, so a well that has moved between leases appears under each one it was filed against.

Every month this lease reported (328)

Volume × price = value, one row per cycle. The price columns are the same series published on the prices page — nothing here is modelled.

328 months


Oct 2020	0	0	36.97	2.48	$0
Sep 2020	0	0	37.09	1.99	$0
Aug 2020	0	0	39.98	2.39	$0
Jul 2020	0	0	38.37	1.83	$0
Jun 2020	17	0	34.90	1.69	$593
May 2020	0	0	16.92	1.81	$0
Apr 2020	0	0	14.75	1.80	$0
Mar 2020	0	0	30.34	1.86	$0
Feb 2020	0	0	49.88	1.98	$0
Jan 2020	0	0	57.25	2.09	$0
Dec 2019	0	0	59.01	2.30	$0
Nov 2019	0	0	55.30	2.75	$0
Oct 2019	0	0	53.47	2.42	$0
Sep 2019	0	0	55.05	2.66	$0
Aug 2019	0	0	53.11	2.30	$0
Jul 2019	0	0	56.27	2.46	$0
Jun 2019	0	0	52.78	2.49	$0
May 2019	0	0	58.48	2.74	$0
Apr 2019	0	97	62.63	2.75	$267
Mar 2019	0	408	56.80	3.06	$1,249
Feb 2019	0	415	50.85	2.79	$1,159
Jan 2019	0	518	46.03	3.23	$1,672
Dec 2018	0	418	46.59	4.19	$1,750
Nov 2018	0	418	52.93	4.24	$1,771
Oct 2018	0	530	61.44	3.40	$1,801
Sep 2018	0	477	59.54	3.11	$1,483
Aug 2018	0	467	59.40	3.07	$1,432
Jul 2018	0	459	65.14	2.93	$1,346
Jun 2018	0	426	60.18	3.08	$1,311
May 2018	0	442	65.38	2.90	$1,282
Apr 2018	0	479	63.84	2.90	$1,389
Mar 2018	0	511	61.22	2.79	$1,424
Feb 2018	0	462	61.78	2.77	$1,278
Jan 2018	0	636	62.87	4.01	$2,550
Dec 2017	0	617	57.27	2.92	$1,803
Nov 2017	0	636	55.42	3.12	$1,983
Oct 2017	0	537	49.29	2.98	$1,602
Sep 2017	0	555	47.52	3.09	$1,713
Aug 2017	0	501	45.37	3.00	$1,505
Jul 2017	0	478	43.87	3.09	$1,476
Jun 2017	0	544	42.49	3.09	$1,679
May 2017	0	706	45.37	3.26	$2,304
Apr 2017	0	682	47.93	3.21	$2,190
Mar 2017	0	652	46.77	2.98	$1,945
Feb 2017	0	584	50.45	2.95	$1,724
Jan 2017	0	627	49.41	3.42	$2,144
Dec 2016	0	610	48.76	3.72	$2,271
Nov 2016	0	657	42.49	2.64	$1,737
Oct 2016	0	703	46.19	3.09	$2,172
Sep 2016	0	607	41.55	3.10	$1,882
Aug 2016	0	305	41.44	2.92	$892
Jul 2016	0	529	41.62	2.92	$1,547
Jun 2016	0	655	45.35	2.69	$1,759
May 2016	0	579	42.52	1.99	$1,153
Apr 2016	0	567	36.56	1.99	$1,129
Mar 2016	0	713	33.01	1.79	$1,279
Feb 2016	0	606	26.47	2.06	$1,251
Jan 2016	0	663	27.35	2.36	$1,568
Dec 2015	0	499	32.36	2.00	$999
Nov 2015	0	675	38.79	2.17	$1,463
Oct 2015	0	624	43.55	2.43	$1,514
Sep 2015	0	776	42.99	2.76	$2,141
Aug 2015	0	625	40.16	2.87	$1,795
Jul 2015	0	662	48.15	2.95	$1,950
Jun 2015	0	546	56.15	2.88	$1,574
May 2015	0	566	55.21	2.96	$1,673
Apr 2015	0	554	49.82	2.71	$1,499
Mar 2015	0	516	42.89	2.93	$1,514
Feb 2015	0	732	44.66	2.98	$2,179
Jan 2015	0	761	43.43	3.10	$2,360
Dec 2014	0	775	54.69	3.59	$2,783
Nov 2014	0	831	70.46	4.25	$3,533
Oct 2014	0	865	78.30	3.90	$3,374
Sep 2014	0	915	86.16	4.05	$3,702
Aug 2014	0	911	89.39	4.04	$3,676
Jul 2014	0	843	96.56	4.18	$3,523
Jun 2014	0	865	98.16	4.74	$4,097
May 2014	0	834	94.73	4.73	$3,942
Apr 2014	0	729	95.94	4.81	$3,506
Mar 2014	0	768	95.89	5.06	$3,884
Feb 2014	0	728	97.40	6.19	$4,508
Jan 2014	0	829	90.40	4.86	$4,030
Dec 2013	0	753	91.82	4.35	$3,279
Nov 2013	0	762	88.85	3.74	$2,849
Oct 2013	0	991	97.42	3.78	$3,745
Sep 2013	0	697	104.11	3.72	$2,591
Aug 2013	0	937	104.25	3.52	$3,301
Jul 2013	0	915	102.52	3.72	$3,402
Jun 2013	0	1,067	94.40	3.93	$4,197
May 2013	0	1,119	94.83	4.15	$4,643
Apr 2013	0	904	93.96	4.28	$3,871
Mar 2013	0	1,135	93.62	3.91	$4,441
Feb 2013	0	833	91.23	3.42	$2,849
Jan 2013	0	918	91.60	3.42	$3,139
Dec 2012	0	889	86.77	3.42	$3,041
Nov 2012	0	945	86.95	3.62	$3,426
Oct 2012	0	954	89.38	3.40	$3,243
Sep 2012	0	928	94.67	2.92	$2,708
Aug 2012	0	999	92.66	2.91	$2,905
Jul 2012	0	1,033	85.13	3.02	$3,120
Jun 2012	0	1,078	79.82	2.52	$2,716
May 2012	0	1,077	91.61	2.49	$2,680
Apr 2012	0	885	101.65	2.00	$1,767
Mar 2012	0	1,070	105.05	2.22	$2,378
Feb 2012	0	978	101.10	2.57	$2,514
Jan 2012	0	1,041	98.09	2.73	$2,846
Dec 2011	0	965	96.87	3.24	$3,126
Nov 2011	0	947	95.72	3.31	$3,136
Oct 2011	0	1,125	84.98	3.65	$4,105
Sep 2011	0	1,112	83.62	3.99	$4,432
Aug 2011	0	1,064	83.40	4.15	$4,415
Jul 2011	0	1,086	94.14	4.52	$4,906
Jun 2011	0	1,344	92.90	4.64	$6,236
May 2011	0	1,531	98.13	4.40	$6,744
Apr 2011	0	883	105.96	4.33	$3,826
Mar 2011	0	1,008	96.36	4.06	$4,090
Feb 2011	0	927	85.64	4.18	$3,875
Jan 2011	0	1,092	86.50	4.59	$5,011
Dec 2010	0	1,134	85.73	4.35	$4,930
Nov 2010	0	1,153	80.84	3.80	$4,376
Oct 2010	0	1,238	78.10	3.51	$4,344
Sep 2010	0	1,199	72.63	3.98	$4,771
Aug 2010	0	1,312	73.68	4.42	$5,798
Jul 2010	0	1,212	72.55	4.74	$5,741
Jun 2010	0	1,286	70.36	4.91	$6,315
May 2010	0	1,288	71.12	4.24	$5,455
Apr 2010	0	1,377	81.69	4.12	$5,677
Mar 2010	0	1,321	78.39	4.39	$5,797
Feb 2010	0	1,153	73.58	5.44	$6,275
Jan 2010	0	1,451	74.36	5.96	$8,654
Dec 2009	0	1,726	71.44	5.48	$9,465
Nov 2009	0	1,459	74.59	3.75	$5,473
Oct 2009	0	1,626	72.54	4.11	$6,683
Sep 2009	0	1,907	65.54	3.06	$5,844
Aug 2009	0	1,893	67.42	3.22	$6,093
Jul 2009	0	798	61.13	3.46	$2,765
Jun 2009	0	672	66.16	3.90	$2,617
May 2009	0	1,284	54.74	3.93	$5,041
Apr 2009	0	1,089	46.77	3.59	$3,907
Mar 2009	0	1,150	42.14	4.06	$4,668
Feb 2009	0	907	32.81	4.63	$4,202
Jan 2009	0	1,046	35.86	5.37	$5,618
Dec 2008	0	1,078	37.10	5.98	$6,443
Nov 2008	0	1,209	55.49	6.86	$8,294
Oct 2008	0	1,264	75.24	6.92	$8,749
Sep 2008	0	1,254	101.76	7.88	$9,878
Aug 2008	0	1,155	114.22	8.48	$9,798
Jul 2008	0	1,198	131.08	11.39	$13,645
Jun 2008	0	1,053	131.33	13.03	$13,723
May 2008	0	1,154	123.17	11.57	$13,357
Apr 2008	0	1,181	110.31	10.45	$12,347
Mar 2008	0	1,260	101.90	9.66	$12,177
Feb 2008	0	1,232	92.53	8.77	$10,805
Jan 2008	0	1,465	90.38	8.21	$12,021
Dec 2007	1	1,224	88.33	7.30	$9,026
Nov 2007	0	1,399	91.67	7.29	$10,201
Oct 2007	0	1,255	82.85	6.92	$8,687
Sep 2007	0	1,410	75.84	6.24	$8,804
Aug 2007	0	1,211	69.06	6.39	$7,736
Jul 2007	0	1,413	70.90	6.39	$9,026
Jun 2007	0	1,410	62.00	7.55	$10,643
May 2007	0	1,554	58.74	7.85	$12,193
Apr 2007	0	1,611	59.61	7.81	$12,574
Mar 2007	0	1,563	56.92	7.30	$11,413
Feb 2007	0	1,437	55.10	8.22	$11,806
Jan 2007	0	1,405	50.30	6.73	$9,451
Dec 2006	0	1,516	56.65	6.92	$10,488
Nov 2006	0	1,690	54.20	7.62	$12,874
Oct 2006	0	1,656	54.90	6.01	$9,959
Sep 2006	0	1,618	60.08	5.04	$8,150
Aug 2006	0	1,600	68.71	7.34	$11,744
Jul 2006	0	1,448	69.37	6.34	$9,184
Jun 2006	0	1,423	66.28	6.38	$9,084
May 2006	0	934	66.01	6.42	$6,001
Apr 2006	1	708	64.39	7.36	$5,276
Mar 2006	0	682	56.70	7.08	$4,831
Feb 2006	0	1,596	57.59	7.75	$12,371
Jan 2006	0	1,443	60.59	8.93	$12,891
Dec 2005	0	1,582	54.94	13.42	$21,223
Nov 2005	0	1,439	54.69	10.59	$15,237
Oct 2005	0	1,489	58.34	13.80	$20,542
Sep 2005	0	1,559	61.45	12.08	$18,831
Aug 2005	0	1,297	61.51	9.80	$12,707
Jul 2005	0	1,494	55.69	7.84	$11,718
Jun 2005	0	1,530	52.33	7.38	$11,293
May 2005	0	1,588	45.22	6.65	$10,562
Apr 2005	0	1,851	49.20	7.36	$13,624
Mar 2005	0	1,678	50.37	7.15	$12,006
Feb 2005	0	1,327	45.22	6.31	$8,376
Jan 2005	0	1,943	43.16	6.32	$12,284
Dec 2004	0	1,124	39.86	6.75	$7,588
Nov 2004	0	1,590	45.28	6.33	$10,065
Oct 2004	0	1,750	49.70	6.52	$11,401
Sep 2004	0	2,177	43.24	5.28	$11,503
Aug 2004	0	2,226	42.37	5.55	$12,356
Jul 2004	0	1,773	38.28	6.08	$10,787
Jun 2004	0	1,570	36.10	6.43	$10,100
May 2004	0	1,853	37.48	6.49	$12,034
Apr 2004	0	1,757	34.47	5.86	$10,293
Mar 2004	0	1,548	34.36	5.53	$8,561
Feb 2004	0	1,343	32.45	5.51	$7,399
Jan 2004	0	2,762	32.03	6.30	$17,400
Dec 2003	0	1,021	30.26	6.30	$6,434
Nov 2003	1	1,662	28.80	4.60	$7,666
Oct 2003	0	2,120	28.17	4.76	$10,090
Sep 2003	0	2,130	26.31	4.75	$10,116
Aug 2003	0	2,206	29.76	5.13	$11,316
Jul 2003	0	2,191	29.41	5.17	$11,329
Jun 2003	1	2,098	28.56	5.98	$12,581
May 2003	0	2,463	26.59	5.97	$14,711
Apr 2003	0	1,965	26.67	5.41	$10,625
Mar 2003	0	2,100	31.14	6.10	$12,802
Feb 2003	0	1,868	33.48	7.93	$14,806
Jan 2003	0	2,136	30.31	5.58	$11,923
Dec 2002	1	1,962	26.91	4.85	$9,550
Nov 2002	0	1,931	24.66	4.14	$7,988
Oct 2002	0	2,048	26.46	4.23	$8,661
Sep 2002	0	2,286	27.44	3.64	$8,310
Aug 2002	0	2,534	25.96	3.16	$8,018
Jul 2002	0	2,323	24.58	3.06	$7,112
Jun 2002	0	2,395	23.73	3.34	$7,995
May 2002	0	2,548	24.66	3.58	$9,132
Apr 2002	0	2,456	23.65	3.51	$8,626
Mar 2002	0	3,346	22.00	3.10	$10,382
Feb 2002	0	2,362	18.22	2.38	$5,611
Jan 2002	0	2,537	17.17	2.38	$6,027
Dec 2001	0	2,372	16.93	2.36	$5,608
Nov 2001	0	2,978	18.07	2.41	$7,164
Oct 2001	0	3,029	19.78	2.53	$7,660
Sep 2001	0	3,352	24.26	2.25	$7,546
Aug 2001	0	2,441	24.87	3.05	$7,453
Jul 2001	0	3,587	23.93	3.20	$11,468
Jun 2001	1	3,160	24.56	3.82	$12,109
May 2001	0	3,242	25.52	4.31	$13,964
Apr 2001	0	2,616	24.68	5.34	$13,957
Mar 2001	0	2,798	24.54	5.38	$15,043
Feb 2001	0	2,494	27.75	5.77	$14,383
Jan 2001	0	2,880	27.47	8.40	$24,188
Dec 2000	0	2,582	26.88	9.12	$23,554
Nov 2000	0	3,336	32.21	5.66	$18,875
Oct 2000	0	3,832	31.23	5.15	$19,718
Sep 2000	0	3,250	31.87	5.19	$16,856
Aug 2000	0	2,979	29.64	4.54	$13,527
Jul 2000	0	3,273	28.53	4.09	$13,386
Jun 2000	0	3,200	29.30	4.40	$14,071
May 2000	0	3,222	27.26	3.68	$11,856
Apr 2000	0	3,095	24.51	3.12	$9,644
Mar 2000	0	2,910	28.42	2.86	$8,322
Feb 2000	0	2,921	27.62	2.73	$7,964
Jan 2000	0	3,422	25.27	2.48	$8,488
Dec 1999	0	3,741	24.28	2.42	$9,067
Nov 1999	0	2,850	23.19	2.43	$6,937
Oct 1999	0	2,885	20.98	2.80	$8,089
Sep 1999	0	2,980	21.75	2.62	$7,804
Aug 1999	0	4,190	19.26	2.88	$12,049
Jul 1999	0	3,756	17.89	2.37	$8,911
Jun 1999	0	4,093	15.94	2.36	$9,668
May 1999	0	4,625	15.79	2.32	$10,735
Apr 1999	0	4,751	15.10	2.21	$10,490
Mar 1999	0	5,026	12.47	1.84	$9,239
Feb 1999	0	4,765	9.98	1.82	$8,662
Jan 1999	0	4,650	10.38	1.90	$8,835
Dec 1998	0	5,292	9.20	1.77	$9,384
Nov 1998	0	5,117	10.89	2.19	$11,184
Oct 1998	0	5,554	12.42	1.97	$10,937
Sep 1998	0	5,276	12.59	2.08	$10,988
Aug 1998	0	5,376	11.30	1.91	$10,254
Jul 1998	0	6,262	11.74	2.24	$14,010
Jun 1998	0	4,863	11.24	2.24	$10,880
May 1998	0	6,528	12.62	2.21	$14,403
Apr 1998	0	5,862	13.04	2.51	$14,686
Mar 1998	0	6,501	12.80	2.31	$15,014
Feb 1998	0	6,018	13.95	2.30	$13,836
Jan 1998	0	7,662	14.70	2.15	$16,510
Dec 1997	0	7,301	16.32	2.41	$17,603
Nov 1997	0	7,301	18.19	3.09	$22,547
Oct 1997	0	7,639	19.25	3.15	$24,061
Sep 1997	0	6,966	17.74	2.95	$20,584
Aug 1997	0	7,184	17.86	2.55	$18,353
Jul 1997	0	7,140	17.58	2.25	$16,043
Jun 1997	0	6,719	17.24	2.26	$15,166
May 1997	0	7,427	18.97	2.31	$17,145
Apr 1997	39	6,884	17.88	2.08	$15,035
Mar 1997	0	8,764	18.95	1.94	$16,995
Feb 1997	0	7,848	20.49	2.21	$17,312
Jan 1997	0	8,285	23.48	3.54	$29,326
Dec 1996	0	8,902	23.32	—	$0
Nov 1996	0	9,019	21.97	—	$0
Oct 1996	0	9,383	23.31	—	$0
Sep 1996	0	10,146	22.22	—	$0
Aug 1996	0	9,832	20.26	—	$0
Jul 1996	0	10,744	19.55	—	$0
Jun 1996	39	8,847	18.73	—	$730
May 1996	0	8,418	19.43	—	$0
Apr 1996	0	10,683	21.51	—	$0
Mar 1996	0	11,164	19.38	—	$0
Feb 1996	0	11,579	16.98	—	$0
Jan 1996	35	12,159	17.07	—	$597
Dec 1995	0	10,016	17.19	—	$0
Nov 1995	0	10,381	16.00	—	$0
Oct 1995	46	9,088	15.43	—	$710
Sep 1995	0	8,935	16.18	—	$0
Aug 1995	0	9,665	15.92	—	$0
Jul 1995	0	10,852	15.24	—	$0
Jun 1995	0	10,608	16.41	—	$0
May 1995	0	11,499	17.56	—	$0
Apr 1995	60	12,516	17.73	—	$1,064
Mar 1995	0	12,083	16.44	—	$0
Feb 1995	40	12,964	16.58	—	$663
Jan 1995	0	8,207	15.92	—	$0
Dec 1994	35	14,849	15.03	—	$526
Nov 1994	0	13,905	15.90	—	$0
Oct 1994	43	14,734	15.58	—	$670
Sep 1994	0	12,619	15.29	—	$0
Aug 1994	0	11,476	16.13	—	$0
Jul 1994	0	11,033	17.56	—	$0
Jun 1994	46	18,942	17.09	—	$786
May 1994	0	13,613	15.88	—	$0
Apr 1994	105	14,033	14.14	—	$1,485
Mar 1994	0	17,402	12.46	—	$0
Feb 1994	49	16,037	12.50	—	$613
Jan 1994	0	18,610	12.66	—	$0
Dec 1993	0	19,182	12.33	—	$0
Nov 1993	31	14,174	14.49	—	$449
Oct 1993	0	10,701	15.85	—	$0
Sep 1993	0	12,825	15.03	—	$0
Aug 1993	0	13,138	15.66	—	$0
Jul 1993	4	8,529	15.46	—	$62

How to read this page

The arithmetic is one multiplication per stream per month. Here it is, worked, on a real row from the table above.

Jun 2020 — as filed, then multipliedworked

Condensate            17 bbl  × $ 34.90 =       $593
Gas                    0 Mcf  × $  1.69 =         $0

────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Month total                                     $593

The volumes are the state's, unchanged

Every barrel and every Mcf on this page is a number the Railroad Commission of Texas published in its monthly production query. Nothing is modelled, estimated or filled in.

The dollars are a multiplication, not a valuation

Volume × a published monthly price. It is not what the operator was paid: it takes no account of a contract, a differential, a transportation deduction, or the share any one owner holds.

Oil and gas are priced differently

Oil is a Texas realisation — the crude oil first purchase price. Gas is a benchmark, because no free Texas wellhead gas series exists at any date. The prices page publishes the difference rather than correcting it away.

A lease is not a well

The state reports oil on lease and gas on well, and this page is the lease grain. 7C/G/145970 is the state's own key, not one this site invented.